本文選題：大瑤山瑤族自治區(qū) + 土地改革�。� 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本論文對(duì)建國(guó)初期大瑤山瑤族自治區(qū)少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的土地改革進(jìn)行探討。通過(guò)對(duì)歷史資料的耙梳,理清大瑤山瑤族自治區(qū)土地改革的基本歷史狀況及其影響。研究大瑤山瑤族自治區(qū)土地改革,有助于增強(qiáng)對(duì)建國(guó)初期廣西的土地改革,特別是少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的土地改革問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí),有助于深化對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)廣西社會(huì)的了解,對(duì)于目前廣西農(nóng)村的社會(huì)改革,有著一定的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 文章首先概述了金秀大瑤山的歷史。從唐朝初年到清朝覆滅,大瑤山?jīng)]有建立過(guò)縣級(jí)行政單位,歷代封建王朝都是實(shí)行“分而治之”的政策。各級(jí)政府的統(tǒng)治勢(shì)力并未深入到大瑤山,瑤民依照石牌制度自治。民國(guó)時(shí)期,主政廣西的陸榮廷延續(xù)了這一政策。從上世紀(jì)三十年代開(kāi)始,新桂系著手“開(kāi)化”大瑤山,建立了金秀設(shè)治局,推行保甲制度。大瑤山的政治體制發(fā)生了變化,開(kāi)始了主流政治和傳統(tǒng)組織相互結(jié)合的二重政治格局。解放后,隨著大瑤山剿匪的勝利、民族團(tuán)結(jié)公約的訂立和社會(huì)生產(chǎn)的恢復(fù)發(fā)展,省人民政府于1952年8月成立了大瑤山瑤族自治區(qū)。 解放前大瑤山的土地占有和經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系,既有漢族、壯族地區(qū)的共性,又有自身的特質(zhì)。首先,從民族的視角而言,山主占有大量的土地,山丁沒(méi)有或者擁有少量的土地,山主內(nèi)部各族系的土地占有情況有明顯的差距。從階級(jí)的角度來(lái)看,土地多集中在地主和富農(nóng)手里,貧雇農(nóng)沒(méi)有或者有少量的土地。其次,大瑤山存在著地租剝削、雇傭剝削、高利貸剝削和獨(dú)特的“打油火”剝削等方式。相對(duì)而言,大瑤山的土地占有的差距沒(méi)有漢族、壯族地區(qū)那么懸殊。不平等的土地占有和經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系,是廣大瑤民處于悲慘生活的主要原因。土地改革是大瑤山歷史發(fā)展的必然要求和客觀需要。 從1951年開(kāi)始的土改準(zhǔn)備工作,包括剿匪反霸、訂立民族團(tuán)結(jié)公約、進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)與階級(jí)調(diào)查、召開(kāi)統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)會(huì)議、培訓(xùn)土改骨干、制訂土改政策、成立土改委員會(huì)和進(jìn)行土改試點(diǎn)等。剿匪斗爭(zhēng)肅清了大瑤山近百年以來(lái)的匪患,為土地改革創(chuàng)造了安定的社會(huì)環(huán)境。反霸斗爭(zhēng)打擊了地主階級(jí)當(dāng)權(quán)派的政治威風(fēng),推動(dòng)了剿匪斗爭(zhēng)的深入進(jìn)行,瑤民的政治覺(jué)悟有所提高。通過(guò)各族平等協(xié)商訂立了團(tuán)結(jié)公約,用獨(dú)特的方式進(jìn)行了減租減息運(yùn)動(dòng),促進(jìn)了民族團(tuán)結(jié)和生產(chǎn)發(fā)展。對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和階級(jí)關(guān)系的調(diào)研分析,為制定土改《實(shí)施方案》和《試行辦法》提供了客觀依據(jù)。通過(guò)召開(kāi)“瑤佬”和上層人物的統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)會(huì)議,為土改的順利進(jìn)行提供了有利條件。對(duì)瑤族干部和工作人員的培訓(xùn)、進(jìn)行土改試點(diǎn)等,為全面推開(kāi)土改工作進(jìn)行了干部的準(zhǔn)備與鍛煉,積累了寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 1954年3月22日—4月18日,土改工作全面展開(kāi)。根據(jù)階級(jí)分化的程度,把土地改革的鄉(xiāng)分為三種類(lèi)型,即,分為有較多內(nèi)容的、少量?jī)?nèi)容的和無(wú)土改內(nèi)容。土地改革工作分為五個(gè)步驟:一是宣傳發(fā)動(dòng)群眾,組建領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu),召開(kāi)統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)會(huì)議與群眾會(huì)議,宣傳土改政策,進(jìn)行訴苦教育,提高瑤民的政治覺(jué)悟和階級(jí)覺(jué)悟;二是劃分階級(jí),先要講評(píng)階級(jí),對(duì)地主、富農(nóng)開(kāi)展“慎重的、溫和的、有區(qū)別的”斗爭(zhēng)方式,按照“就低不就高”的原則,重點(diǎn)劃好地主、富農(nóng)的成分;三是結(jié)合大瑤山的實(shí)際情況,制訂了財(cái)產(chǎn)的沒(méi)收與征收的原則和方式;四是分配果實(shí),首先滿(mǎn)足貧雇農(nóng)的要求,并采取了獨(dú)特的相互贈(zèng)送方式;五是銷(xiāo)毀債券地契,頒發(fā)土地證,確立農(nóng)民土地所有權(quán)。無(wú)土改內(nèi)容的區(qū)鄉(xiāng),在民族團(tuán)結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,充分發(fā)動(dòng)群眾,調(diào)整土地,頒發(fā)土地證,掀起生產(chǎn)高潮。 文章總結(jié)了大瑤山瑤族自治區(qū)土地改革的三個(gè)特點(diǎn):一是運(yùn)用傳統(tǒng)的社會(huì)組織解決新問(wèn)題;二是“慎重的、溫和的、有區(qū)別的、”土改斗爭(zhēng)方式;三是團(tuán)結(jié)“瑤佬”和開(kāi)明人士的統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)政策。土改的勝利完成,給大瑤山瑤族自治區(qū)帶來(lái)了新的面貌。在政治上,瑤民的政治熱情大大提高,他們紛紛組織起來(lái)參與政權(quán)建設(shè),農(nóng)村基層政權(quán)得到進(jìn)一步鞏固發(fā)展。經(jīng)濟(jì)上,徹底廢除了封建土地所有制,瑤民的生產(chǎn)熱情被極大地激發(fā)出來(lái),他們積極進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),使生活水平得到了顯著提高。在民族關(guān)系上,奠定了民族團(tuán)結(jié)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ),基本消除了長(zhǎng)期存在的民族隔閡,平等、團(tuán)結(jié)互助在大瑤山蔚然成風(fēng),新型民族關(guān)系深入人心。土地改革也存在著如下問(wèn)題:一是對(duì)政策把握不準(zhǔn),在執(zhí)行中存在偏差;二是思想發(fā)動(dòng)不充分,個(gè)別骨干的階級(jí)覺(jué)悟和政治覺(jué)悟不高;三是土改的配套工作存在紕漏;四是土改工作中存在著粗糙行事的現(xiàn)象。這些問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生了一些消極影響,如在劃階級(jí)成分時(shí),沒(méi)有很好地堅(jiān)持“就低不就高”的原則;個(gè)別鄉(xiāng)對(duì)統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)政策重視不夠,影響了土改的順利進(jìn)行;一些地方的瑤民生產(chǎn)生活依然存在困難;有些地方在分配果實(shí)時(shí),存在著遺留問(wèn)題,從而又引起新的矛盾與糾紛。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the land reform in the minority areas of Yao nationality in Dayaoshan Autonomous Region in the early period of the founding of the People ' s Republic of China .



From the beginning of the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty , the county administrative units had not been established , and the feudal dynasties in the past dynasties were the policy of " dividing up " . From the beginning of the 1930s , the government ruled out the policy of " dividing up " . From the beginning of the 1930s , the government ruled in the country . The political system of the main government in Guangxi has changed , and the development of the formation of the national unity convention and the restoration of social production have begun .



The land occupation and economic relations of the Dayaoshan Mountain in the Liberation Front both have the commonness of the Han nationality and the Zhuang nationality area , and have its own characteristics . First , from the perspective of the nation , the mountain main occupies a large amount of land , and the mountain Ding has no or small amount of land . In contrast , the gap between the land occupied by the Dayao Mountain is not the same as that of the Han nationality and the Zhuang nationality region . The land occupation and economic relations between the vast majority of the Yao people are the main reasons for the tragic life of the vast majority of the Yao people .



From 1951 to the preparation of land reform , including the suppression of bandits , the formation of national unity conventions , the formation of national unity conventions , the convening of a unified conference , training of the backbone of land reform , the establishment of a land reform commission and a pilot of land reform .



According to the degree of class differentiation , the land reform is divided into three types , namely , it is divided into five steps : one is propaganda of the masses , the formation of the leading bodies , the convening of the united front meeting and the mass conference , the propaganda of the land reform policy , the development of the land certificate and the establishment of the land ownership of the peasants .



The paper sums up the three characteristics of the land reform in the Yao nationality autonomous region of Dayaoshan Mountain : First , the traditional social organization is used to solve the new problem ; the second is the policy of unity between the Yao and Yao people .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K27

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 馮莉;新中國(guó)新疆土地改革研究[D];新疆師范大學(xué);2011年

2 秦克和;建國(guó)初期貴縣土地改革研究[D];山東大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1930959