本文選題：1942-1943年 + 河南大災(zāi)荒�。� 參考：《廣西師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：1942-1943年,在抗日戰(zhàn)場前沿的河南發(fā)生了一場慘絕人寰的大災(zāi)奇荒。當時,正值全國抗日戰(zhàn)爭最艱苦的階段,河南除連遭水災(zāi)、旱災(zāi)、蝗災(zāi)、風災(zāi)(龍卷風、干熱風等)、雹災(zāi)等自然災(zāi)害外,還有“湯”災(zāi)、兵害、黃泛、國民黨政權(quán)與日偽政權(quán)的橫征暴斂等人為災(zāi)害的肆虐。天災(zāi)戰(zhàn)禍,交相煎迫,給河南的社會發(fā)展、人民生活帶來了巨大而深遠的影響。然而,由于當時復(fù)雜的國際國內(nèi)環(huán)境,國民政府對河南災(zāi)荒的消息進行了封鎖,眾多國內(nèi)報刊雜志迫于壓力在這一慘絕人寰的新聞事件面前集體噤聲。盡管如此仍然有少數(shù)的國內(nèi)報紙雜志和國外報紙雜志沖破重重阻力給予了積極的報道,同時,大災(zāi)荒的親歷者和一些決策的參與者也陸續(xù)對這一刻骨銘心的大災(zāi)荒進行了回憶和反思。通過對其的研究筆者試圖全面地把握當時河南災(zāi)荒的狀況,全面地了解社會民眾對于災(zāi)荒的認識和反應(yīng),清楚地了解國民政府和社會各界對于河南災(zāi)荒的賑濟與救助,可以清醒地認識到正確的及時的社會輿論監(jiān)督的巨大社會效應(yīng),也可以看出人心向背的時代背景和歷史根據(jù)。 論文的主體包含四個部分：第一部分主要從整體上描述1942-1943年河南大災(zāi)荒的狀況,從災(zāi)民、國民政府和社會各界與大災(zāi)荒的關(guān)系進行分類論述,同時介紹了災(zāi)民在災(zāi)荒期間表現(xiàn)出不同的流向,主要有災(zāi)民自發(fā)流向國統(tǒng)區(qū)、淪陷區(qū)和根據(jù)地三個方向。在大災(zāi)荒期間國民政府還采取措施,組織了部分河南災(zāi)民移民新疆,開發(fā)西北。第二部分內(nèi)容是寫報刊記述中的大災(zāi)荒。在河南大災(zāi)荒發(fā)生之時,重慶的《大公報》、上海的《申報》、 南陽的《前鋒報》等報刊都對大災(zāi)荒進行了相關(guān)報道。由于各個報刊所處的環(huán)境和影響,其報道的內(nèi)容也各有側(cè)重和傾向,其所陳述的事實和發(fā)表的評論也各有不同。第三部分主要側(cè)重時人記述中的大災(zāi)荒,對于那些九死一生從大災(zāi)荒中活下來的人們、對于那些目睹過災(zāi)荒及災(zāi)民慘狀的人們、對于那些親歷過災(zāi)荒和賑災(zāi)的人們、對于那些了解“人禍”內(nèi)情的人們,他們在以后歲月里的憶述與反思,使隨著時光流逝而被人淡忘的河南大災(zāi)荒的歷史記憶被重新拾起。第四部分是通過對這些大災(zāi)荒的歷史記憶分析所得出的評論以及現(xiàn)實意義和反思�？傊�,本文以歷史記憶為主線,即從對報刊資料的解讀,結(jié)合多方面的史料進行實證研究,藉此來探討1942-1943年河南大災(zāi)荒的歷史記憶概況,試圖做出合理得當?shù)脑u析,從而填補這一研究空白。
[Abstract]:In 1942-1943, Henan, at the front of the anti-Japanese battlefield, suffered a terrible disaster and famine. At that time, during the most difficult stage of the National War of Resistance against Japan, in addition to the natural disasters such as floods, droughts, locusts, wind disasters (tornadoes, dry and hot winds, and hail) in Henan Province, there was also the "Tang" disaster, the scourge of soldiers, and Huang Pan. The Kuomintang regime and the Japanese puppet regime, such as the windfall and other man-made disasters raging. Natural disasters and war disasters, intertwined, to Henan's social development, people's life has brought a huge and far-reaching impact. However, due to the complicated international and domestic environment at that time, the National Government blocked the news of the famine in Henan, and many domestic newspapers and magazines were forced to silence themselves in the face of this terrible news event. Nevertheless, a small number of domestic newspapers and magazines and foreign newspapers and magazines have broken through the heavy resistance to positive reporting, and at the same time, The people who have experienced the famine and some participants in the decision-making have also recalled and reflected on the unforgettable famine one after another. Through his research, the author tries to grasp the situation of Henan famine at that time, fully understand the understanding and response of the public to the famine, and clearly understand the relief and relief of Henan famine by the national government and all walks of life. We can soberly realize the great social effect of correct and timely supervision by public opinion, and can also see the background and historical basis of the times. The main body of the thesis consists of four parts: the first part mainly describes the situation of the great famine in Henan Province from 1942-1943, and classifies the relationship between the disaster victims, the national government and the society and the famine. At the same time, it introduces the different directions of the disaster victims during the famine period, mainly including the spontaneous flow of the victims to the areas under the control of the state, the occupied areas and the base areas. During the famine period, the National Government also took measures to organize some Henan victims to emigrate to Xinjiang and to develop northwest China. The second part is to write about the great famine in the newspapers and periodicals. At the time of the great famine in Henan, the "Ta Kung Pao" in Chongqing and the "declaration" in Shanghai, Nanyang's "Frontier" and other newspapers and periodicals have carried out related reports on the famine. Because of the environment and influence of the newspapers and periodicals, the contents of their reports have their own emphases and tendencies, and their facts and comments are different. The third part mainly focuses on the major disasters described by the people of the time. For those who have survived the famine in their lives, for those who have witnessed the tragic situation of the famine and the victims, for those who have experienced the famine and the relief, For those who understand the "man-made disasters", their memories and reflections in the years to come, so as to be forgotten with the passage of time, the historical memory of Henan's great famine has been picked up again. The fourth part is the analysis of the historical memory of these disasters and the practical significance and reflection. In a word, this paper takes the historical memory as the main line, that is, from the interpretation of the newspaper and periodicals, combining with various historical data to carry on the empirical research, thus to discuss the historical memory general situation of the great famine in Henan Province from 1942 to 1943, and try to make a reasonable and appropriate assessment. In order to fill in this research gap.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：X43;K265

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 蘇全有;劉省省;;論民國時期《救災(zāi)準備金法》的實施[J];河南科技學院學報;2013年03期

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本文編號：1859136