本文選題：大豆貿(mào)易 + 產(chǎn)地市場(chǎng)��； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：東北大豆是近代中國(guó)大宗出口商品。大豆出口總值曾位居出口商品第一位，并行銷多國(guó)，極大促進(jìn)了東北地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。東北地區(qū)大豆貿(mào)易數(shù)量巨大，層級(jí)市場(chǎng)明顯，貿(mào)易網(wǎng)絡(luò)十分發(fā)達(dá)，本文運(yùn)用貿(mào)易網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論對(duì)近代東北大豆貿(mào)易進(jìn)行研究。 大豆貿(mào)易的產(chǎn)地市場(chǎng)是大豆貿(mào)易的起始環(huán)節(jié)。東北地區(qū)大豆生產(chǎn)的商品化程度很高，大豆貿(mào)易在東北地區(qū)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)地貿(mào)易中居較大份額，集市交易十分繁榮，保證了大豆流通渠道的暢通。 東北大豆貿(mào)易的集散市場(chǎng)與交通運(yùn)輸有很大關(guān)系。清末依托傳統(tǒng)運(yùn)輸路線，以遼河運(yùn)輸為主干，在遼河沿岸城市形成很大集散規(guī)模，同時(shí)大車運(yùn)輸始發(fā)地也是重要的集散市場(chǎng)。鐵路運(yùn)輸使大豆集散更為便利，大型集散市場(chǎng)逐漸移向鐵路沿線的重要城市，集散規(guī)模更大。集散市場(chǎng)的經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)構(gòu)主要是糧棧，其中規(guī)模最大的糧棧是東三省官銀號(hào)經(jīng)營(yíng)的糧棧。 東北大豆貿(mào)易的中心市場(chǎng)是大豆出口的國(guó)際貿(mào)易市場(chǎng)。日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前，營(yíng)口是唯一的出口市場(chǎng)，出口數(shù)量很大。日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后，大連吸納了大多數(shù)大豆，迅速取代了營(yíng)口的大豆出口的優(yōu)勢(shì)地位。哈爾濱的大豆出口也發(fā)展很快。隨著大豆出口的發(fā)展，東北地區(qū)出口數(shù)額占全國(guó)比例不斷擴(kuò)大，，并成為唯一一塊出超地區(qū)。大豆出口貿(mào)易的控制權(quán)掌握在外商手中。日商曾經(jīng)主導(dǎo)了東北大豆的出口經(jīng)營(yíng)，后期則丹麥商人占有貿(mào)易優(yōu)勢(shì)。 近代東北大豆的市場(chǎng)以國(guó)內(nèi)、南洋、日本和歐洲為主。國(guó)內(nèi)和南洋輸入大豆食用并兼以豆餅施肥。日本以豆餅進(jìn)口為主，補(bǔ)充其耕地肥力，并進(jìn)口原豆以補(bǔ)充食用。歐洲多以大豆作為工業(yè)原料，進(jìn)口原豆榨油。國(guó)外市場(chǎng)占據(jù)了東北大豆的大部分市場(chǎng)份額，其旺盛的需求促進(jìn)了東北大豆貿(mào)易的繁榮。二十世紀(jì)二十年代以后，日本豆餅進(jìn)口的減少和歐洲對(duì)于大豆需求結(jié)構(gòu)的變化對(duì)于東北經(jīng)濟(jì)有重要影響。 油坊業(yè)是東北地區(qū)的重要工業(yè)，集中分布于貿(mào)易港。營(yíng)口成為清末東北的油坊業(yè)中心，隨著日本需求擴(kuò)大和歐洲市場(chǎng)開辟，大連和哈爾濱成為油坊分布的中心。二十年代后期世界市場(chǎng)需求減少造成油坊業(yè)的衰頹。 近代東北大豆貿(mào)易網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有較高的流通效率，加強(qiáng)了地區(qū)與外部的聯(lián)系，對(duì)于大豆出口和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有著良好的促進(jìn)作用，有巨大的進(jìn)步意義。
[Abstract]:Northeast soybean is modern Chinese bulk export commodity. Soybean exports ranked first and sold in many countries, which greatly promoted the economic development of Northeast China. The soybean trade in Northeast China is very large, the hierarchical market is obvious, and the trade network is very developed. This paper uses the trade network theory to study the modern Northeast soybean trade. The origin market of soybean trade is the starting link of soybean trade. The degree of commercialization of soybean production in Northeast China is very high. Soybean trade occupies a large share in the production area of agricultural products in Northeast China, and the market trade is very prosperous, which ensures the smooth circulation of soybean. The distribution market of soybean trade in Northeast China has a great relationship with transportation. In the late Qing Dynasty, relying on the traditional transportation route and taking the Liaohe River transportation as the main trunk, a large scale of distribution was formed in the cities along the Liaohe River. At the same time, the starting place of the carriage transportation was also an important distribution market. Railway transportation makes soybean distribution more convenient, and the large distribution market gradually moves to the important cities along the railway line, and the scale of distribution is larger. The distribution market is mainly run by grain stacks, the largest of which is the grain storehouses run by officials and banks in the three provinces. The central market of northeast soybean trade is the international trade market of soybean export. Before the war between Japan and Russia, Yingkou was the only export market with a large export volume. After the Japanese-Russian War, Dalian absorbed most of the soybeans and quickly replaced Yingkou's soybean exports. Harbin's soybean exports are also growing rapidly. With the development of soybean export, the export amount of Northeast China has been increasing and becoming the only export area. The control of soybean export trade is in the hands of foreign investors. Japanese merchants once dominated the export of northeast soybeans, and later Danish traders had a trade advantage. The market of modern Northeast soybean is dominated by domestic, Nanyang, Japan and Europe. Domestic and Nanyang imported soybean consumption and fertilizer with soybean cake. Japan mainly imports bean cake, to supplement its farmland fertility, and imports raw beans to supplement food. Europe to soybean as industrial raw materials, imported raw beans oil. The foreign market occupies most of the market share of Northeast soybean, and its strong demand promotes the prosperity of Northeast soybean trade. After the 1920s, the decrease of soybean cake import in Japan and the change of soybean demand structure in Europe had an important influence on the economy of Northeast China. Youfang industry is an important industry in Northeast China, concentrated in trading ports. Yingkou became the center of oil workshop in the northeast of Qing Dynasty. With the expansion of Japanese demand and the opening of European market, Dalian and Harbin became the center of distribution of oil workshops. The decline in demand in the world market in the late 1920s caused the decline of the oil factory industry. The modern Northeast soybean trade network has high circulation efficiency, strengthens the connection between the region and the outside, has the good promotion function to the soybean export and the regional economic development, has the huge progress significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：K25;F329

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