本文關(guān)鍵詞：建國(guó)初期皖北地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)“三改”研究（1953-1957）　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)“三改”是在治理淮河、興修水利的基礎(chǔ)上提出的,是旨在恢復(fù)戰(zhàn)后生產(chǎn)、減輕水旱災(zāi)害、提高人民生活水平的一次深入的改革。它的意義在于為安徽特別是皖北地區(qū)的群眾改良了農(nóng)作物品種,幫助他們糾正生產(chǎn)中存在的陋習(xí)和錯(cuò)誤的觀念,改變了傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)布局和耕作習(xí)慣。 本文將視角聚集到皖北地區(qū),從背景、過(guò)程以及改革的影響幾個(gè)方面了解皖北地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)“三改”。具體來(lái)說(shuō),在背景方面,首先對(duì)“三改’前皖北地區(qū)春耕和夏種生產(chǎn)進(jìn)行敘述,對(duì)戰(zhàn)后皖北農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)情況有一個(gè)初步的了解,同時(shí)指出存在的問(wèn)題和不足。之后從自然和地形條件以及群眾的生產(chǎn)習(xí)慣出發(fā),分析皖北地區(qū)出現(xiàn)旱澇災(zāi)害的原因,從而突出皖北地區(qū)實(shí)行農(nóng)業(yè)“三改”的必要性和可能性。從災(zāi)害原因分析入手,直接突出農(nóng)業(yè)“三改”是一項(xiàng)從當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)際出發(fā)、主客觀相結(jié)合的農(nóng)業(yè)改革,它的每一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容都是從客觀條件出發(fā),是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)情況進(jìn)行充分調(diào)查和分析之后得出的結(jié)果。 在改革的過(guò)程部分,主要涉及兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容,其一,是農(nóng)業(yè)“三改”在皖北地區(qū)各專區(qū)、�？h實(shí)施的研究分析。通過(guò)當(dāng)時(shí)的檔案資料,可以總結(jié)出“三改”工作組實(shí)施改革活動(dòng)的一般規(guī)律,即先是進(jìn)行情況調(diào)查,對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐淖匀粭l件、災(zāi)害發(fā)生率、群眾的生產(chǎn)習(xí)慣以及干部群眾對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)“三改”的接受情況進(jìn)行了解,分析原因,找出存在的問(wèn)題；第二步就是針對(duì)存在的問(wèn)題,落實(shí)各項(xiàng)措施,正式推廣農(nóng)業(yè)“三改”。其二,就是以皖北地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)“三改”中水稻改良為特例,詳細(xì)敘述皖北地區(qū)水稻改良的實(shí)施成效,不僅從宏觀的角度去了解1954年至1957年皖北地區(qū)水稻改良的總體情況,還細(xì)化到各個(gè)區(qū)、縣甚至是合作組,總結(jié)他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與成果,此外,還將水稻改良中的優(yōu)良品種進(jìn)行羅列,列舉它們的特性與優(yōu)點(diǎn)。農(nóng)業(yè)“三改”的順利推廣,離不開(kāi)群眾的支持,需要充分發(fā)揮他們的主觀能動(dòng)性。而在農(nóng)業(yè)“三改”的具體實(shí)施過(guò)程中,群眾的思想問(wèn)題一直困擾著工作組,是限制改革深入的主要問(wèn)題之一。處于傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)中農(nóng)民,對(duì)待農(nóng)業(yè)“三改”這樣的新事物,本能地產(chǎn)生不信任感,害怕在改種的過(guò)程中會(huì)“得不償失”。本文將對(duì)群眾存在這種思想顧慮的原因進(jìn)行分析。本文的最后一個(gè)部分,就是對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)“三改”進(jìn)行評(píng)述,從成效與不足兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析闡 總體說(shuō)來(lái),“三改”是一場(chǎng)具備科學(xué)性的綠色革命,通過(guò)細(xì)致、周密的調(diào)查,將皖北地區(qū)的自然條件同群眾的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)聯(lián)系在一起,做到了主客觀相結(jié)合,并最終找出了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中保收避災(zāi)的方法。也正因?yàn)椤叭摹北旧矸习不盏膶?shí)際情況,使得它對(duì)此后安徽地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展起到了重要的作用。
[Abstract]:The "three reforms" in agriculture were put forward on the basis of harnessing the Huaihe River and building water conservancy, and were aimed at restoring postwar production and alleviating the flood and drought disasters. An in-depth reform to improve the living standards of the people. Its significance lies in the improvement of crop varieties for the masses in Anhui, especially in the northern part of Anhui, and in helping them correct the bad habits and erroneous concepts existing in production. Changed the traditional agricultural layout and farming habits. This article gathers the angle of view to the north Anhui area, from the background, the process as well as the reform influence several aspects understanding Anhui north area agriculture "three reforms". Specifically, in the background aspect. First of all, the paper narrates spring ploughing and summer seed production in northern Anhui before the "three Reformation", and has a preliminary understanding of the agricultural production in northern Anhui after the war. At the same time, this paper points out the existing problems and shortcomings, and then analyzes the causes of drought and flood disaster in northern Anhui from the natural and topographic conditions as well as the production habits of the masses. Therefore, the necessity and possibility of carrying out "three reforms" in agriculture in northern Anhui are highlighted. From the analysis of the causes of disasters, it is a combination of subjective and objective agricultural reform to directly highlight the "three reforms" of agriculture from the local reality. Each of its contents is based on objective conditions and is the result of full investigation and analysis of reality. In the process of reform, it mainly involves two aspects. One is the research and analysis of agricultural "three reforms" in each district and county of northern Anhui. It can be concluded that the "three reforms" working group to implement the general law of reform activities, that is, first carried out a situation survey, local natural conditions, the incidence of disasters. The production habits of the masses and the acceptance of the "three reforms" in agriculture by the cadres and the masses are understood, the reasons are analyzed, and the existing problems are found out. The second step is to solve the existing problems, to implement various measures to formally promote the "three reforms" of agriculture. The second step is to take the "three reforms" of agriculture in northern Anhui as a special case. The effect of rice improvement in northern Anhui was described in detail, not only from the macro perspective to understand the overall situation of rice improvement in northern Anhui from 1954 to 1957, but also to refine it to various districts, counties and even cooperative groups. Summing up their experience and achievements, in addition, the fine varieties in rice improvement are listed, their characteristics and advantages are listed, and the smooth popularization of the "three reforms" of agriculture cannot be separated from the support of the masses. We need to give full play to their subjective initiative, and in the process of implementing the "three reforms" in agriculture, the ideological problems of the masses have been puzzling the working group all the time. It is one of the main problems to limit the deepening of reform. In the traditional agriculture, peasants treat the new things such as "three reforms" in agriculture, and instinctively produce a sense of distrust. This article will analyze the reason why the masses have this kind of ideological concern. The last part of this paper is to comment on the "three reforms" of agriculture. Analysis and Analysis from two aspects of effectiveness and insufficiency Generally speaking, the "three Reformation" is a scientific green revolution. Through careful and thorough investigation, the natural conditions in northern Anhui are linked with the production experience of the masses, and the subjective and objective combination is achieved. And finally found out the method of protecting collection and avoiding disasters in agricultural production. It is also because the "three reforms" itself accords with the actual situation in Anhui Province, which makes it play an important role in the agricultural development of Anhui region since then.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F329;K27

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