發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-27 00:39

  本文選題：道光 + 漕糧��； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 漕運(yùn)是中國(guó)特有的水運(yùn)形式,清初制度已達(dá)完備。嘉慶、道光年間,漕運(yùn)制度已經(jīng)危機(jī)重重,道光朝(1821—1850年)被迫進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的漕制改革,漕糧海運(yùn)是改革的核心內(nèi)容,在道光朝期間,前后共試行過兩次漕糧海運(yùn)。 道光六年(1826年)漕糧海運(yùn),其直接原因是1824年冬高家堰大堤潰決,運(yùn)河水勢(shì)低弱,重運(yùn)北上成為難題。當(dāng)時(shí)面對(duì)如何應(yīng)對(duì)危機(jī)。朝中分為兩派:孫玉庭、魏元煜力主引黃濟(jì)運(yùn)的盤壩主張,英和及地方上的琦善、陶澍力主雇商海運(yùn),雙方各執(zhí)己見,并前后付諸實(shí)踐,引黃濟(jì)運(yùn)的盤運(yùn)主張因耗費(fèi)巨大而破產(chǎn),至此堅(jiān)定了道光帝實(shí)行海運(yùn)的決心。道光六年,江蘇四府一州海運(yùn)漕糧海運(yùn)取得成功。但隨后河道恢復(fù),海運(yùn)遂止。 道光二十八年(1848年),京師出現(xiàn)糧食供應(yīng)危機(jī),為節(jié)省經(jīng)費(fèi)支出,充實(shí)京師倉(cāng)儲(chǔ),將江蘇三地區(qū)漕糧改行海運(yùn),因道光帝力排眾議,故此次海運(yùn)爭(zhēng)論時(shí)間較短,但實(shí)施時(shí)問題較多:先是因“青浦教案”耽擱出洋,放洋后又遭盜匪,抵津時(shí)間較計(jì)劃為遲,道光朝遂停海運(yùn)。第二次海運(yùn)亦中止。 兩次漕糧海運(yùn)具體原因各異,道光六年主要是自然原因,而道光二十八年則是社會(huì)原因的制約,但其根源都是漕運(yùn)制度的危機(jī)。兩次海運(yùn)終止原因有決策者道光皇帝缺乏堅(jiān)持改革的魄力,河運(yùn)利益集團(tuán)竭力阻撓,海運(yùn)初創(chuàng)較難等,因而決定了道光朝漕糧海運(yùn)的暫短命運(yùn),但海運(yùn)呈現(xiàn)出來的明顯優(yōu)越性預(yù)示著它將必定會(huì)成為漕運(yùn)的主要運(yùn)輸方式。
[Abstract]:The water transport is a unique form of water transport in China. The system in the early Qing Dynasty was complete. Jiaqing, during the period of Daoguang, the system of transport of water was in crisis. The Daoguang Dynasty (1821 - 1850) was forced to carry out the corresponding reform of the grain system. The grain transport of grain was the core content of the reform. During the period of Daoguang Dynasty, there were two grains and sea transportation before and after the trial.
Daoguang six years (1826) water grain shipping, its direct reason is the 1824 winter high weir dike burst, the canal water potential is low, the heavy transportation north becomes a difficult problem. In the face of how to cope with the crisis, the north and the middle were divided into two schools: Sun Yuting, Wei Yuanyu, Li Zhu Huang Ji Yun's advocate, the British and local Qi good, Tao Shu mainly hired merchant shipping, both sides hold themselves. To see, and to put into practice, the idea of the transportation of the Yellow River, which was so costly and bankrupt, was determined by Dao Guangdi's determination to carry out the shipping. In six years of Daoguang, the sea transport of grain and sea in the four state of Jiangsu was successful.
Daoguang twenty-eight years (1848), the capital of the Beijing teachers appeared food supply crisis, in order to save expenditure, enrich the capital of the capital warehouse storage, the Jiangsu three area grain grain to sea, because of Daoguang Dili row public debate, the time is short, but the implementation of the problem is more: first, because of the "Qingpu teaching case" delayed, after foreign bandit, offset time is more than The plan is to stop shipping for late and Daoguang. The second voyage is also suspended.
The two grain shipping specific reasons are different, Dao Guang's six years are mainly natural reasons, and Dao Guang's twenty-eight years are the constraints of social reasons, but the root causes are the crisis of the system of transport of water. The reason for the two maritime termination is that the decision maker, Dao Guang, lacks the courage to adhere to the reform, and the He Yunli interest group tries to obstruct it, and the shipping is difficult to start. Therefore, it is decided that the sea shipping is difficult to start and so on. The short fate of the Daoguang River's grain transport is determined, but the obvious superiority of the maritime transport indicates that it will become the main mode of transportation for the transportation of grain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：F552.9;K249.3

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 官冠;晚清漕糧流通政策分析（1826-1904）[D];廣西師范大學(xué);2012年

，

本文編號(hào)：2072019