本文選題：唐宋 + 制度�。� 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2008年博士論文

【摘要】： 中書(shū)省漸重,成為行政決策核心,是唐宋時(shí)期行政中樞發(fā)展變化的主要特點(diǎn)。作為中書(shū)省長(zhǎng)官以及行政中樞的秘書(shū)官,中書(shū)舍人由唐至宋的職掌變化并不顯著,典掌制誥,參政議政。然而,其職權(quán)的范圍與側(cè)重卻發(fā)生很大變化。唐代中書(shū)舍人作為宰相判官的身份較為突出,宋代中書(shū)舍人職權(quán)的獨(dú)立性較強(qiáng),其權(quán)力變化可以解讀為由泛權(quán)到實(shí)權(quán)的變化過(guò)程。這種權(quán)力變化的背后,與君權(quán)、相權(quán)的變化,與唐宋時(shí)期行政體制的整體變化,都密不可分。 本文在盡量吸收學(xué)術(shù)界已有研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,分三章對(duì)唐宋中書(shū)舍人進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)化的分析研究。 第一章“唐宋中書(shū)舍人的職掌”。通過(guò)考察中書(shū)舍人一職在中國(guó)古代歷史上的發(fā)展軌跡、唐宋時(shí)期中書(shū)舍人的職官構(gòu)成、草詔之職的歷史源流以及中書(shū)舍人的供職機(jī)構(gòu)與宿直,從整體上勾勒出唐宋中書(shū)舍人的職掌范圍與特征。通過(guò)對(duì)唐宋公文書(shū)類(lèi)型、中書(shū)舍人所草制命的類(lèi)型、唐宋主要文書(shū)制度及制書(shū)格式等問(wèn)題的系統(tǒng)研究,對(duì)于中書(shū)舍人職掌外制的具體情況及其發(fā)展變化深入探討。制命文字,主要由中書(shū)舍人各自獨(dú)立起草完成。舍人行詞的回避制度在紹興初年得以確立。由唐至宋,中書(shū)舍人的職權(quán)呈上升趨勢(shì),而翰林學(xué)士呈下降趨勢(shì)。中書(shū)舍人掌草外制、判省事、宣旨冊(cè)命、掌察冤滯、考舉及撰修制度律令與史籍,參與唐宋時(shí)期政治活動(dòng)的很多方面,有著舉足輕重的作用。 第二章“中書(shū)舍人與唐宋行政中樞運(yùn)作”。本章對(duì)唐宋行政中樞體制進(jìn)行梳理。唐初三省的發(fā)展,是以門(mén)下權(quán)力不斷發(fā)展完善為特點(diǎn)的,而具體到三省內(nèi)部,又是以中書(shū)舍人與給事中的權(quán)力不斷擴(kuò)大為具體表現(xiàn)。唐代中后期的以中書(shū)門(mén)下為主導(dǎo),中書(shū)省、門(mén)下省仍然保留行政職能。唐代的中書(shū)門(mén)下,是北宋中書(shū)門(mén)下體制的基礎(chǔ)。宋代行政中樞的演變軌跡,是決策、行政統(tǒng)一的中書(shū)門(mén)下體制經(jīng)由改制,確定了中書(shū)取旨、門(mén)下審覆、尚書(shū)執(zhí)行的三省制度,然而在實(shí)際發(fā)展過(guò)程中,仍然逆轉(zhuǎn)不了行政中樞一體化的趨勢(shì)。唐前期中書(shū)舍人的職權(quán)主要體現(xiàn)為起草制敕和參議表章兩個(gè)方面。宋代中書(shū)舍人的職權(quán)主要體現(xiàn)為起草制敕和封還詞頭兩個(gè)方面,官制改革之后,恢復(fù)了中書(shū)舍人參議表章的權(quán)力。唐宋中書(shū)舍人由起草進(jìn)畫(huà)之職,職權(quán)不斷發(fā)展,參議表章、封還詞頭、封駁制敕,由撰務(wù)漸掌機(jī)務(wù),至南宋,權(quán)力達(dá)到頂峰。中書(shū)舍人的身影遍布行政運(yùn)作的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),決策形成之中,也有中書(shū)舍人的參與。中書(shū)舍人的職權(quán)在唐宋時(shí)期總的看來(lái)是呈上升趨勢(shì)。作為宰相屬官,中書(shū)舍人與宰相的關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為既依賴(lài)又對(duì)立。 第三章“中書(shū)舍人的管理”。本章對(duì)中書(shū)舍人的員額、品級(jí)、章服、班位、俸入等制度規(guī)定加以梳理,并對(duì)其在唐宋間的變化加以考察。中書(shū)舍人的任免升降,都依據(jù)一定的規(guī)則制度。在中書(shū)舍人的選用上,本人素質(zhì)與能力是考慮的最主要因素。中書(shū)舍人的人員流動(dòng)頻繁,但多以升遷為主,中書(shū)舍人之職是晉升宰輔的主要途徑之一。 余論“中書(shū)舍人的科舉出身與地域家族性�！敝袝�(shū)舍人的選任,最根本的依據(jù)還是其本人的素質(zhì)。對(duì)此,有無(wú)科考功名,就成為中書(shū)舍人選任的基本條件之一。唐宋中書(shū)舍人的構(gòu)成,唐代以北方人為主,至宋以南方人為主。曾任舍人的為官之家,占中書(shū)舍人的很大比例,唐代高于宋代。這也說(shuō)明,在科舉制度下,入仕的公平性大大提高,中書(shū)舍人的來(lái)源也日趨廣泛,對(duì)于政治穩(wěn)定與文化教育的發(fā)展,都有一定的促進(jìn)作用。
[Abstract]:The central Book province gradually became the core of the administrative decision, which was the main characteristic of the development and change of the administrative center in the Tang and Song dynasties. As the governor of the Chinese Book province and the Secretarial Officer of the administrative center, the change of Tang Zhisong's duties was not remarkable, the palmar and the political affairs of the Chinese books were changed. However, the scope and emphasis of his power had changed greatly. As the Prime Minister of the prime minister, the identity of the prime minister is more prominent, and the independence of the scholars in the Song Dynasty is strong. The change of power can be interpreted as a process of change from Pan power to real power. Behind this change of power, the change of the power of the monarchy and the right of phase with the administrative system in the Tang and Song dynasties are all inseparable.
On the basis of absorbing academic achievements, this paper makes a systematic analysis and analysis of the scholars in Tang and Song dynasties in three chapters.
The first chapter, "the duty of the scholar in the Tang and Song Dynasties". Through the investigation of the development track in the ancient Chinese history, the composition of the officials in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the historical origin of the imperial edict, the service organization and the accommodation of the Chinese Shu men, outlined the scope and characteristics of the duty of the Tang Song Zhongshu. The type of the book of the Song Dynasty, the type of the life of the weeds, the system of the main document system and the format of making books in the Tang and Song Dynasties, discussed the specific situation and the development and changes of the system and the development and change of the Chinese books. From the Tang to the Song Dynasty, the power of the scholar in the Tang Dynasty was on the rise, and the Han Lin bachelors showed a downward trend.
In the second chapter, the central system of the administrative center of the Tang and Song Dynasties was combed in this chapter. The development of the three provinces in the early Tang Dynasty was characterized by the continuous development and perfection of the power in the three provinces, and the concrete manifestation of the expansion of the power in the three provinces and the power of the Chinese books in the middle and later period of the Tang Dynasty. Under the central Book gate of the Tang Dynasty, the central Book gate of the Tang Dynasty is the foundation of the middle book and the lower system in the Northern Song Dynasty. The evolution track of the administrative center of the Song Dynasty is the decision. It still can not reverse the trend of the integration of the administrative center. The power of the scholar in the period of the Tang Dynasty is mainly embodied in the two aspects of the drafting system and the participation of the Senate. The power of the scholar in the Song Dynasty is mainly embodied in the two aspects of the drafting and edict and the closure of the word, and after the reform of the official system, the power of the Chinese Book Men's participation in the Senate is restored. From the drafting to the painting, the power and authority continued to develop, the participation of the words, the seal refutation and the imperial edict, the power reached the peak in the Southern Song Dynasty. As a prime minister, the relationship between the middle Shu and the prime minister is both dependent and antagonistic.
The third chapter, "the management of the man in the book of the Chinese books". This chapter combs the regulations of the posts, grades, costumes, class positions, salary and so on, and examines the changes between the Tang and Song dynasties. In fact, the flow of personnel is frequent, but most of them are promoted by promotion.
On the basis of the selection of the Chinese books, the fundamental basis for the selection of the Chinese books, the most fundamental basis or the quality of their own, is one of the basic conditions for the selection of the Chinese books. The composition of the rounding men in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the north in the Tang Dynasty, and the south in the Song Dynasty. The family, which accounts for a large proportion of the Chinese books, is higher than the Song Dynasty. It also shows that under the imperial examination system, the fairness of the entry is greatly improved, and the source of the Chinese books is becoming more and more extensive. It has a certain effect on the political stability and the development of culture and education.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K242

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 侯佳;中書(shū)舍人與北宋詩(shī)文研究[D];河南大學(xué);2012年

2 陳朝陽(yáng);北宋熙豐時(shí)期的兩府研究[D];首都師范大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 張珂;中唐翰林學(xué)士詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作研究[D];河南大學(xué);2011年

2 宮超;隋唐時(shí)期中書(shū)舍人研究[D];青海師范大學(xué);2011年

3 李曉斌;漢唐謁者官制研究[D];魯東大學(xué);2012年

4 龐檜存;樓鑰研究[D];河北大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1854058