【摘要】：隨著社會的發(fā)展，科技的日新月異，我們生活的社會正在發(fā)生深刻的變革，我們的溝通方式、思維模式也發(fā)生了巨大的變化�？缥幕浑H和跨文化適應(yīng)正是在這樣的社會文化背景下形成的。人類創(chuàng)造了多種多樣的文化，而這些文化在歷史、政治、社會等不同的情境中表現(xiàn)出不同的形式和內(nèi)涵。當(dāng)人們從一種文化情境進(jìn)入到另一種文化情境，與異域文化的人們溝通交流時，跨文化交際就得以產(chǎn)生。由于受到文化差異、社會環(huán)境及心理壓力等各種內(nèi)部和外界因素的制約，人們在面對不同的文化情境時，會不斷地進(jìn)行自我調(diào)整、學(xué)習(xí)和改變，這就是跨文化適應(yīng)。與此同時，個體對文化身份的認(rèn)知也會在跨文化適應(yīng)的過程中發(fā)生變化。 作為跨文化適應(yīng)研究中常見的主體，留學(xué)生從一個國家來到另一個不同的國家，他們在異國的生活學(xué)習(xí)過程中也會經(jīng)歷不同程度的跨文化適應(yīng)過程。本文通過大量的文獻(xiàn)梳理發(fā)現(xiàn)，過去很多研究都是從心理適應(yīng)、社會文化適應(yīng)及學(xué)術(shù)適應(yīng)三個維度對留學(xué)生的跨文化適應(yīng)進(jìn)行研究，對跨文化適應(yīng)的各個方面進(jìn)行描述和預(yù)測，并提出一些列跨文化適應(yīng)的應(yīng)對策略。本文試圖采用批判性的視角，探索性的對跨文化適應(yīng)這一問題進(jìn)行重新思考。 跨文化交際研究的批判轉(zhuǎn)向產(chǎn)生于上世紀(jì)90年代。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，，大量的批判性跨文化交際研究的文章開始出現(xiàn)。然而，在中國，批判性跨文化交際的研究相對較少。在國外跨文化批判研究的啟發(fā)下，本文試圖對跨文化適應(yīng)研究領(lǐng)域中普遍存在的西方中心主義觀、二元論和實(shí)證主義研究方法提出質(zhì)疑和批評，并指出大多數(shù)跨文化適應(yīng)研究的文章是建立在以西方為中心的話語權(quán)力下，從而忽視了他者的存在。此外，這些研究對權(quán)力問題也多采取回避和忽視的態(tài)度。 作為跨文化交際研究領(lǐng)域最常見的研究問題之一，同時也作為人類最顯著的特征之一，身份也值得我們重新思考。本文對身份的本質(zhì)論提出質(zhì)疑，否認(rèn)身份是是在時間發(fā)展變化過程中保持靜止、不變的觀點(diǎn)。本文認(rèn)為身份始終處在動態(tài)變化的過程中，而身份認(rèn)同則是人們在與他人的交往互動過程中，在不同的反對聲中，不斷建構(gòu)和相互協(xié)商的產(chǎn)物。 本文試圖采用現(xiàn)象學(xué)的研究方法，探索跨文化適應(yīng)過程中身份認(rèn)同的本質(zhì)，即在跨文化適應(yīng)過程中，身份經(jīng)歷了怎樣的變化，是如何發(fā)生這樣的變化，以及這兩者之間的關(guān)系。筆者對六名在上海留學(xué)的日本留學(xué)生進(jìn)行了深度采訪，并對采訪數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行文本分析。分析結(jié)果顯示，在跨文化適應(yīng)過程中，身份經(jīng)歷了從“正常”到“差異性”、從同化情感態(tài)度到差異性斷言的意向性轉(zhuǎn)向，也正是在這一系列的主觀活動過程中，旅居者逐漸發(fā)生了跨文化適應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)變。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the rapid development of science and technology, the society in which we live is undergoing profound changes. Cross-cultural communication and cross-cultural adaptation are formed under this social and cultural background. Human beings have created a variety of cultures which show different forms and connotations in different historical, political, social and other situations. Cross-cultural communication occurs when people move from one cultural context to another and communicate with people in foreign cultures. Due to various internal and external factors, such as cultural differences, social environment and psychological pressure, people will constantly adjust, learn and change when facing different cultural situations, which is cross-cultural adaptation. At the same time, the individual's cognition of cultural identity will change in the process of cross-cultural adaptation. As a common subject in cross-cultural adaptation studies, foreign students come from one country to another, and they also experience different degrees of cross-cultural adaptation in the process of life and learning in another country. Through a large number of literature, this paper finds that many studies in the past have studied the cross-cultural adaptation of foreign students from the three dimensions of psychological adaptation, sociocultural adaptation and academic adaptation, and described and predicted all aspects of cross-cultural adaptation. And put forward some cross-cultural adaptation strategies. This paper attempts to rethink the problem of cross-cultural adaptation from a critical perspective. The critical turn of cross-cultural communication came into being in the 90's of last century. In the 21 st century, a large number of critical cross-cultural communication studies began to appear. However, in China, the study of critical cross-cultural communication is relatively rare. Inspired by the cross-cultural critical studies abroad, this paper attempts to question and criticize the western centrism, dualism and positivist research methods that are prevalent in the field of cross-cultural adaptation research. It is pointed out that most of the studies on intercultural adaptation are based on the discourse power centered on the West, thus neglecting the existence of the other. In addition, these studies also take an evasive and neglected attitude toward power issues. As one of the most common research problems in the field of cross-cultural communication, identity is also one of the most prominent characteristics of human beings. This paper questions the essence of identity and denies that identity remains static and invariant in the course of development and change of time. This paper holds that identity is always in the process of dynamic change, and identity is the product of constant construction and mutual negotiation in the process of interaction and interaction with others and in different voices of opposition. This paper attempts to explore the nature of identity in the process of cross-cultural adaptation by using phenomenological research methods, that is, how identity has changed, how such a change has occurred, and the relationship between the two in the process of cross-cultural adaptation. The author conducted an in-depth interview with six Japanese students studying in Shanghai, and analyzed the data of the interview. The results show that, in the process of cross-cultural adaptation, identity has experienced the intentionality turn from "normal" to "difference", from assimilation of emotional attitude to the assertion of difference, and it is in this series of subjective activities. The transcultural adaptation of the sojourners has gradually taken place.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G05

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6 黃e鹐

本文編號：2145674