第一次石油危機(jī)期間的美國(guó)與沙特阿拉伯關(guān)系研究（1973-1974）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-25 18:26
【摘要】：第四次中東戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間,美國(guó)偏袒以色列的政策引發(fā)沙特阿拉伯的強(qiáng)烈不滿,在沙特的帶領(lǐng)下,阿拉伯產(chǎn)油國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)實(shí)行石油禁運(yùn)。石油禁運(yùn)期間,美沙關(guān)系一度陷入低谷。然而,石油禁運(yùn)并沒有導(dǎo)致兩國(guó)關(guān)系的破裂。石油禁運(yùn)解除后,美國(guó)與沙特加強(qiáng)合作,兩國(guó)間的相互依賴程度不斷加深,這在一定程度上排除了沙特再次使用石油武器的可能。 本文主要對(duì)第一次石油危機(jī)期間的美國(guó)與沙特關(guān)系加以考察,利用相關(guān)的外交檔案并借鑒已有的研究成果,梳理石油禁運(yùn)前后兩國(guó)關(guān)系由緊張到對(duì)抗再到恢復(fù)、強(qiáng)化的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。在文章中,筆者嘗試說(shuō)明以下問(wèn)題：首先,沙特對(duì)美國(guó)實(shí)施石油禁運(yùn)體現(xiàn)了它的伊斯蘭宗教屬性,同時(shí),沙特也試圖通過(guò)石油禁運(yùn)擴(kuò)大其在阿拉伯世界的影響力。其次,石油禁運(yùn)迫使美國(guó)對(duì)中東政策進(jìn)行適當(dāng)調(diào)整,加快了它推動(dòng)阿以和談的步伐。再次,在解除石油禁運(yùn)的過(guò)程中,沙特必須權(quán)衡其與美國(guó)及與阿拉伯世界的關(guān)系,沙特極力避免單獨(dú)對(duì)美國(guó)解除禁運(yùn)以防止被阿拉伯世界孤立。最后,石油禁運(yùn)解除后,美國(guó)與沙特關(guān)系的修復(fù)與強(qiáng)化主要基于兩國(guó)在石油和安全方面的共同利益。 總之,縱觀美國(guó)與沙特關(guān)系的發(fā)展歷程,兩國(guó)在能源領(lǐng)域的利益具有互補(bǔ)性,在安全方面擁有共同利益,這是雙方關(guān)系平穩(wěn)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。然而,在阿以問(wèn)題上的分歧與矛盾一直是制約兩國(guó)關(guān)系發(fā)展的不確定因素,兩國(guó)在該問(wèn)題上時(shí)有摩擦,甚至引發(fā)雙邊關(guān)系危機(jī)。但從整體上看,美國(guó)與沙特的共同利益大于雙方的分歧,兩國(guó)關(guān)系仍將在動(dòng)態(tài)變化中穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:During the fourth Middle East War, the United States' policy of favouritism towards Israel aroused strong dissatisfaction in Saudi Arabia, and under the leadership of Saudi Arabia, Arab oil-producing countries imposed an oil embargo on the United States. During the oil embargo, relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia once fell into a trough. However, the oil embargo has not led to the breakdown of relations between the two countries. After the lifting of the oil embargo, the United States and Saudi Arabia strengthened cooperation, and the interdependence between the two countries is deepening, which to some extent ruled out the possibility of Saudi Arabia using oil weapons again. This paper mainly investigates the relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia during the first oil crisis, makes use of the relevant diplomatic archives and draws lessons from the existing research results, and combs the development of the relations between the two countries from tension to confrontation to recovery before and after the oil embargo. In this paper, the author tries to explain the following issues: first, the Saudi oil embargo against the United States reflects its Islamic religious attribute, and Saudi Arabia also tries to expand its influence in the Arab world through the oil embargo. Second, the oil embargo forced the United States to make appropriate adjustments to its Middle East policy and accelerated its push for Arab-Israeli peace talks. Third, in the process of lifting the oil embargo, Saudi Arabia must weigh its relations with the United States and with the Arab world, and Saudi Arabia is trying to avoid lifting the embargo against the United States alone in order to prevent isolation from the Arab world. Finally, after the lifting of the oil embargo, the repair and strengthening of relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia are mainly based on the common interests of the two countries in oil and security. In a word, throughout the development of relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia, the interests of the two countries in the field of energy are complementary and have common interests in terms of security, which is the basis for the steady development of bilateral relations. However, the differences and contradictions on the Arab-Israeli issue have always been an uncertain factor restricting the development of relations between the two countries, and the two countries have had frictions on this issue and even triggered a crisis in bilateral relations. However, on the whole, the common interests of the United States and Saudi Arabia are greater than the differences between the two sides, and the relations between the two countries will continue to develop steadily in the course of dynamic changes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2;D838.4
本文編號(hào)：2505902
[Abstract]:During the fourth Middle East War, the United States' policy of favouritism towards Israel aroused strong dissatisfaction in Saudi Arabia, and under the leadership of Saudi Arabia, Arab oil-producing countries imposed an oil embargo on the United States. During the oil embargo, relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia once fell into a trough. However, the oil embargo has not led to the breakdown of relations between the two countries. After the lifting of the oil embargo, the United States and Saudi Arabia strengthened cooperation, and the interdependence between the two countries is deepening, which to some extent ruled out the possibility of Saudi Arabia using oil weapons again. This paper mainly investigates the relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia during the first oil crisis, makes use of the relevant diplomatic archives and draws lessons from the existing research results, and combs the development of the relations between the two countries from tension to confrontation to recovery before and after the oil embargo. In this paper, the author tries to explain the following issues: first, the Saudi oil embargo against the United States reflects its Islamic religious attribute, and Saudi Arabia also tries to expand its influence in the Arab world through the oil embargo. Second, the oil embargo forced the United States to make appropriate adjustments to its Middle East policy and accelerated its push for Arab-Israeli peace talks. Third, in the process of lifting the oil embargo, Saudi Arabia must weigh its relations with the United States and with the Arab world, and Saudi Arabia is trying to avoid lifting the embargo against the United States alone in order to prevent isolation from the Arab world. Finally, after the lifting of the oil embargo, the repair and strengthening of relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia are mainly based on the common interests of the two countries in oil and security. In a word, throughout the development of relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia, the interests of the two countries in the field of energy are complementary and have common interests in terms of security, which is the basis for the steady development of bilateral relations. However, the differences and contradictions on the Arab-Israeli issue have always been an uncertain factor restricting the development of relations between the two countries, and the two countries have had frictions on this issue and even triggered a crisis in bilateral relations. However, on the whole, the common interests of the United States and Saudi Arabia are greater than the differences between the two sides, and the relations between the two countries will continue to develop steadily in the course of dynamic changes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2;D838.4
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