【摘要】：自約瑟夫·奈在上個(gè)世紀(jì)提出軟實(shí)力的相關(guān)理論,軟實(shí)力在國(guó)際關(guān)系中所發(fā)揮的作用越來(lái)越被重視,公共外交——作為軟實(shí)力的形式之一,也備受關(guān)注。雖然各國(guó)出于各自利益的需求而對(duì)公共外交的定義有所不同,但其目標(biāo)都是相同的。公共外交的功能在于宣傳政策、傳播文化、促進(jìn)彼此了解、為執(zhí)政者提供支持。 美國(guó)特別重視公共外交。目前,公共外交已經(jīng)成為美國(guó)戰(zhàn)略不可缺少的重要組成部分。冷戰(zhàn)期間,公共外交一直作為其進(jìn)攻性的武器,將反共作為其對(duì)外政策的核心；冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以后,公共外交活動(dòng)逐漸減少,影響力也日漸減小,在二十世紀(jì)末跌入谷底。“9·11”事件后,公共外交又被重新拾起并被重視。中東地區(qū)因其重要的地緣政治和地緣經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值在美國(guó)全球戰(zhàn)略棋譜上一直處于顯著位置,因此美國(guó)政府采取一系列措施以改變美國(guó)遭人痛恨的國(guó)際形象。雖然公共外交能夠在某種程度上起到宣傳政策、加強(qiáng)溝通、消除誤解等作用,但是公共外交畢竟只是推行政策、實(shí)現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的手段之一。同時(shí)由于美國(guó)政府認(rèn)知的偏頗、美國(guó)信條的過(guò)度張揚(yáng)和不恰當(dāng)?shù)娜蚣暗貐^(qū)戰(zhàn)略等,美國(guó)在此地區(qū)的公共外交遠(yuǎn)不如預(yù)期樂(lè)觀,基本的政策目標(biāo)都沒(méi)有得到實(shí)現(xiàn)。當(dāng)然不可否認(rèn),在未來(lái)的國(guó)際政治博弈中,作為改善海外形象、維護(hù)國(guó)家利益、推進(jìn)全球戰(zhàn)略的公共外交活動(dòng)還是值得關(guān)注和重視的。 本文通過(guò)利用現(xiàn)有的與美國(guó)公共外交相關(guān)歷史文獻(xiàn)和資料,對(duì)美國(guó)在各個(gè)時(shí)期不同的公共外交政策,運(yùn)用外交學(xué)等各種理論進(jìn)行分析。同時(shí)由于美國(guó)政府的公共外交包含不同的項(xiàng)目,要對(duì)每一個(gè)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行全面分析不太現(xiàn)實(shí),因此選取了“9·11”事件后美國(guó)在阿拉伯——伊斯蘭地區(qū)的公共外交作為其案例,對(duì)美國(guó)的公共外交進(jìn)行效用評(píng)估,探求其的外交價(jià)值、局限性及其面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇。
[Abstract]:Since Joseph Nye put forward the theory of soft power in the last century, the role of soft power in international relations has been paid more and more attention, and public diplomacy, as one of the forms of soft power, has also attracted much attention. Although countries have different definitions of public diplomacy for their own interests, their goals are the same. The function of public diplomacy is to propagate policy, spread culture, promote mutual understanding and provide support to those in power. The United States attaches special importance to public diplomacy. At present, public diplomacy has become an indispensable part of American strategy. During the Cold War, public diplomacy was always regarded as its offensive weapon, and the core of its foreign policy was anti-Communism. After the end of the Cold War, public diplomacy gradually decreased and its influence gradually decreased. After the September 11 incident, public diplomacy was picked up and valued again. Because of its important geopolitical and geo-economic values, the Middle East has always been prominent in the global strategic chess spectrum of the United States. Therefore, the United States government has taken a series of measures to change the international image of the United States, which is hated by people. Although public diplomacy can to some extent play the role of propagating policy, strengthening communication and eliminating misunderstanding, it is only one of the means to carry out the policy and realize the strategic goal. At the same time, due to the bias of the American government, the excessive publicity of American creed and inappropriate global and regional strategy, the public diplomacy in this region is far less optimistic than expected, and the basic policy objectives have not been realized. Of course, in the future international political game, as a way to improve the image of overseas, safeguard the national interests, promote the global strategy of public diplomacy is still worthy of attention and attention. By using the existing historical documents and materials related to American public diplomacy, this paper analyzes the different public foreign policies and theories of the United States in different periods. At the same time, because the public diplomacy of the United States government contains different items, it is not realistic to conduct a comprehensive analysis of each item, so it chooses the public diplomacy of the United States in the Arab-Islamic region after the "September 11" incident as its case. This paper evaluates the utility of American public diplomacy, explores its diplomatic value, limitations and great challenges and opportunities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D871.2

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