第二次世界大戰(zhàn)時期的中英關(guān)系
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-05 12:21
【摘要】：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)時期的中英關(guān)系史是英國近現(xiàn)代史的重要組成部分，也是中國近現(xiàn)代史的重要組成部分。但由于種種原因，學(xué)術(shù)界對此方面的研究尚不夠完整深入。本文將著重以這個時期中英兩國的官方關(guān)系為主進(jìn)行研究和論述，主要涉及政治關(guān)系和一些經(jīng)濟(jì)合作及軍事合作的內(nèi)容，以求在借鑒前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，努力創(chuàng)新，，以新的思路和觀點來解釋這個時期的中英關(guān)系中的問題。 英國在經(jīng)歷了18世紀(jì)末期失敗的和平對華外交后，用武力強(qiáng)加給中國屈辱的近代外交。但是，第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的使英國開始衰落的趨勢愈加明顯。由于英國依然在華有包括投資和租界在內(nèi)的巨大利益，為了避免這些利益受到戰(zhàn)爭的損害，英國面對日本在亞洲的擴(kuò)張，開始奉行綏靖主義政策。二十世紀(jì)三十年代初期的遠(yuǎn)東危機(jī)時期，英國利用其控制的國際聯(lián)盟，以犧牲正義換取暫時的表面和平，無視中國的正義訴求。英國的做法不得不引起中國從政府到民間的警惕。與此同時，從一戰(zhàn)后開始奉行“孤立主義”的美國對中日兩國的照會，即“不承認(rèn)主義”，使得中國政府和民眾增加了對美國的好感。 在中日全面開戰(zhàn)后，英國仍然不能對中國給予有效援助。面對中國的求援，英國采取了直接拒絕或無限期拖延答復(fù)的措施，甚至一度迫于日本壓力，制造了一些破壞中國作戰(zhàn)的事件。直到歐戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)前后，隨著國際局勢的緊張加劇，始終面對兩線作戰(zhàn)的危險，英國政府逐漸開始給予中國一些援助。但是比起美國同時期的援華行動，英國在維護(hù)列強(qiáng)在華主導(dǎo)權(quán)這方面已經(jīng)處于下風(fēng)。而且滇緬公路危機(jī)使得英國援華的進(jìn)步意義也大打折扣。 太平洋戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā)使得英帝國在遠(yuǎn)東也受到日本的侵略，共同的敵人使得中英這兩個傳統(tǒng)的有地區(qū)影響力和世界影響力的大國，最終結(jié)成盟友。由于國家利益上的根本沖突，更多的在于英國單方面地為了追求其國家利益而損害中國的國家利益，使得中英的同盟關(guān)系是二戰(zhàn)各種關(guān)系當(dāng)中較為特殊的一條。雙方雖有合作，但是始終貫穿大量矛盾和沖突。因此，英國最終徹底把列強(qiáng)在華的主導(dǎo)權(quán)和話語權(quán)拱手讓給了美國。
[Abstract]:The history of Sino-British relations during the second World War is an important part of the modern history of Britain as well as the modern history of China. However, due to various reasons, the academic research on this area is not complete and thorough. This paper will focus on the official relations between China and the United Kingdom in this period, mainly involving political relations and some economic and military cooperation, in order to learn from previous research results, and strive to innovate. New ideas and viewpoints are used to explain the problems in Sino-British relations in this period. After the failure of its peaceful diplomacy to China in the late 18 th century, Britain imposed humiliating modern diplomacy on China by force. However, the first World War began to decline the British trend is increasingly obvious. As Britain still has huge interests in China, including investment and concessions, in order to avoid these interests being damaged by the war, Britain began to pursue a appeasement policy in the face of Japan's expansion in Asia. During the crisis in the far East in the early 1930s, Britain used its controlled League of Nations to sacrifice justice for temporary peace and ignore China's demand for justice. Britain's approach has to arouse vigilance in China, from the government to the private sector. At the same time, the American "isolationist" note to China and Japan since World War I, that is, "non-recognition doctrine," has made the Chinese government and people more favorable to the United States. After the full-scale war between China and Japan, Britain is still unable to give effective aid to China. In the face of China's request for help, Britain has taken measures to directly refuse or indefinitely delay its response, even under pressure from Japan, creating incidents that undermine China's war. Until before and after the outbreak of the European War, as international tensions increased and the danger of fighting on both fronts remained, the British government gradually began to give some aid to China. But compared with the American aid to China during the same period, Britain has been in a weak position to maintain the leading power of the foreign powers in China. Moreover, the Yunnan-Burma Highway crisis has greatly reduced the progressive significance of British aid to China. The outbreak of the Pacific War caused the British Empire to be invaded by Japan in the far East, and the common enemy made China and Britain, two traditional powers with regional influence and world influence, become allies. Because of the fundamental conflict of national interests, the United Kingdom unilaterally damages China's national interests in pursuit of its national interests, which makes the Sino-British alliance one of the special relations in World War II. Although the two sides have cooperation, but throughout a large number of contradictions and conflicts. As a result, Britain finally ceded its dominance and voice to the United States.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D822.3;D856.1;K152
本文編號：2312065
[Abstract]:The history of Sino-British relations during the second World War is an important part of the modern history of Britain as well as the modern history of China. However, due to various reasons, the academic research on this area is not complete and thorough. This paper will focus on the official relations between China and the United Kingdom in this period, mainly involving political relations and some economic and military cooperation, in order to learn from previous research results, and strive to innovate. New ideas and viewpoints are used to explain the problems in Sino-British relations in this period. After the failure of its peaceful diplomacy to China in the late 18 th century, Britain imposed humiliating modern diplomacy on China by force. However, the first World War began to decline the British trend is increasingly obvious. As Britain still has huge interests in China, including investment and concessions, in order to avoid these interests being damaged by the war, Britain began to pursue a appeasement policy in the face of Japan's expansion in Asia. During the crisis in the far East in the early 1930s, Britain used its controlled League of Nations to sacrifice justice for temporary peace and ignore China's demand for justice. Britain's approach has to arouse vigilance in China, from the government to the private sector. At the same time, the American "isolationist" note to China and Japan since World War I, that is, "non-recognition doctrine," has made the Chinese government and people more favorable to the United States. After the full-scale war between China and Japan, Britain is still unable to give effective aid to China. In the face of China's request for help, Britain has taken measures to directly refuse or indefinitely delay its response, even under pressure from Japan, creating incidents that undermine China's war. Until before and after the outbreak of the European War, as international tensions increased and the danger of fighting on both fronts remained, the British government gradually began to give some aid to China. But compared with the American aid to China during the same period, Britain has been in a weak position to maintain the leading power of the foreign powers in China. Moreover, the Yunnan-Burma Highway crisis has greatly reduced the progressive significance of British aid to China. The outbreak of the Pacific War caused the British Empire to be invaded by Japan in the far East, and the common enemy made China and Britain, two traditional powers with regional influence and world influence, become allies. Because of the fundamental conflict of national interests, the United Kingdom unilaterally damages China's national interests in pursuit of its national interests, which makes the Sino-British alliance one of the special relations in World War II. Although the two sides have cooperation, but throughout a large number of contradictions and conflicts. As a result, Britain finally ceded its dominance and voice to the United States.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D822.3;D856.1;K152
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