【摘要】：阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入第11個(gè)年頭,這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)成為美國有史以來參與時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。隨著美軍在伊拉克戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)撤出,美國海外戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)重心再次回到阿富汗戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)議題在美國外交和國內(nèi)政治中的地位愈加凸顯。 奧巴馬政府上臺(tái)以后,馬上拋出了“阿富汗巴基斯坦新戰(zhàn)略”。此后,奧巴馬又在西點(diǎn)軍校和幾次阿富汗巴基斯坦戰(zhàn)略評(píng)估中進(jìn)一步闡述了其在阿富汗戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的戰(zhàn)略和政策。奧巴馬政府在阿富汗戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的新戰(zhàn)略和政策引起了廣泛關(guān)注和激烈爭(zhēng)論。 本文的研究對(duì)象是奧巴馬任期前兩年美國在阿富汗的戰(zhàn)略和政策。本文首先回顧了奧巴馬政府上臺(tái)以來的阿富汗戰(zhàn)略的演變,并分析了其戰(zhàn)略變化的原因。之后,詳細(xì)分析了當(dāng)前奧巴馬政府在阿富汗戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)施的一些具體政策。在此基礎(chǔ)上,評(píng)析了奧巴馬政府的阿富汗戰(zhàn)略和政策,初步得出以下幾點(diǎn)結(jié)論：從阿富汗戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)退出是當(dāng)前奧巴馬政府阿富汗戰(zhàn)略的首要戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo),而塑造對(duì)美最有利的退出態(tài)勢(shì)則是主要任務(wù)；奧巴馬政府阿富汗戰(zhàn)略所宣示的“反恐”目標(biāo)與實(shí)際上實(shí)施的平叛戰(zhàn)略相矛盾；奧巴馬任期前兩年,其阿富汗戰(zhàn)略總體上是成功的,但今后將面臨更多的挑戰(zhàn)。未來奧巴馬政府阿富汗戰(zhàn)略的走向,將取決于阿富汗戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)、美國國內(nèi)政治和國際社會(huì)三個(gè)層面上的形勢(shì)狀況。
[Abstract]:The war in Afghanistan has entered its eleventh year, making it the longest war the United States has ever fought. With the withdrawal of US troops in Iraq, the focus of the American war abroad returned to Afghanistan. The issue of war in Afghanistan has become increasingly prominent in American diplomacy and domestic politics. When the Obama administration came to power, it threw out a new strategy for Afghanistan and Pakistan. Since then, Obama has further elaborated on his strategy and policies on the battlefield at West Point and in several Afghanistan and Pakistan strategic reviews. The Obama administration's new strategy and policy in Afghanistan has aroused widespread concern and heated debate. The object of this paper is the strategy and policy of the United States in Afghanistan in the first two years of Obama's term of office. This paper first reviews the evolution of the Obama administration's Afghanistan strategy since it came to power, and analyzes the reasons for its strategic change. Then, the detailed analysis of the current Obama administration in Afghanistan the implementation of some specific policies. On this basis, this paper analyzes the Obama administration's Afghanistan strategy and policy, and draws the following conclusions: withdrawal from the Afghan battlefield is the primary strategic goal of the current Obama administration's Afghanistan strategy. Shaping the most favorable exit for the United States is the main task; the Obama administration's "counter-terrorism" goals as stated in its Afghanistan strategy are at odds with the counter-insurgency strategy that is actually being implemented; and the first two years of his term in office, Its Afghanistan strategy was generally successful, but there will be more challenges ahead. The future direction of the Obama administration's Afghanistan strategy will depend on the state of affairs at the three levels of the Afghan battlefield, domestic politics and the international community.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2

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