【摘要】：奧巴馬上臺時,美國深陷兩場戰(zhàn)爭和金融危機(jī),無法獨(dú)立應(yīng)對各種挑戰(zhàn),急需協(xié)調(diào)歐洲盟國共度難關(guān)。然而,美歐關(guān)系因布什政府的單邊主義政策出現(xiàn)裂痕,在布什任期內(nèi)沒有取得突破性進(jìn)展。因此,調(diào)整對歐政策成為奧巴馬政府外交戰(zhàn)略中極為重要的一環(huán)。奧巴馬政府從三個層面調(diào)整了對歐政策。第一個層面是與歐盟的雙邊關(guān)系。奧巴馬政府?dāng)P棄布什政府的單邊主義政策,采取多邊現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的對歐政策,推出了重視軟實(shí)力的巧實(shí)力外交戰(zhàn)略,擺出尊重歐盟并愿與之合作的姿態(tài)。第二個層面是北約框架內(nèi)的美歐協(xié)調(diào)。奧巴馬政府調(diào)整了對阿富汗的政策,協(xié)調(diào)了美歐核裁軍與軍控的立場,在伊朗核問題上向歐洲的政策靠攏。第三個層面是影響美歐關(guān)系的其他問題領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的政策調(diào)整。在氣候變化問題上,美國積極參與國際氣候談判并與歐盟合作推動該問題的談判進(jìn)程。在反恐問題上,美國的強(qiáng)硬立場出現(xiàn)了改變,同時在人權(quán)領(lǐng)域與歐洲協(xié)調(diào)政策。在中東和平問題上,奧巴馬積極參與中東問題的解決,這符合歐洲的期許。奧巴馬對歐政策的調(diào)整在一定程度上改善了美歐關(guān)系,但是卻并未消除雙方之間的根本矛盾,美歐關(guān)系的未來發(fā)展仍存在著不確定因素。
[Abstract]:When Obama came to power, the United States was mired in two wars and financial crises, unable to meet the challenges alone, and needed to coordinate with its European allies to tide over the storm. However, there was no breakthrough in US-European relations during the Bush administration because of the rift of the Bush administration's unilateralism policy. Therefore, the adjustment of European policy is an extremely important part of the Obama administration's diplomatic strategy. The Obama administration has adjusted its European policy on three levels. The first level is bilateral relations with the EU. The Obama administration rejected the Bush administration's unilateralism policy, adopted the multilateral realistic policy towards Europe, and put forward the diplomatic strategy of soft power, showing respect for the EU and willing to cooperate with it. The second level is the coordination of the US and Europe within the NATO framework. The Obama administration has adjusted its policy toward Afghanistan, coordinated U.S. and European positions on nuclear disarmament and arms control, and moved closer to European policy on the Iranian nuclear issue. The third level is the policy adjustment in other problem areas that affect US-European relations. On the issue of climate change, the United States actively participates in international climate negotiations and works with the European Union to advance the negotiation process on this issue. On counter-terrorism, the United States has changed its tough stance and coordinated its policy with Europe in the field of human rights. Obama's active involvement in Middle East peace is in line with European expectations. The adjustment of Obama's European policy has improved the U.S.-European relations to some extent, but has not eliminated the fundamental contradiction between the two sides, and there are still uncertain factors in the future development of the US-EU relationship.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D871.2

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