美國傳統(tǒng)基金會的保守主義價值觀研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-04 09:05
【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)基金會(The Heritage Foundation)是當今美國最大、影響力最強的保守派思想庫之一,具有鮮明的政治立場,推行保守主義政策；在近40年推動保守主義運動的過程中,傳統(tǒng)基金會奠定了在美國和世界政策研究機構(gòu)中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位,成為對美國共和黨政府最具影響力的保守思想庫。其研究范圍涉及政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、外交等諸多領(lǐng)域,全盛于里根時期,“9·11”事件之后對小布什政府的外交政策產(chǎn)生重大影響。它開創(chuàng)了一種新型的公共政策研究機構(gòu)模式,被《時代》周刊稱之為“鼓吹型思想庫”(advocacy tank);建立了廣泛的聯(lián)系網(wǎng),運用多種途徑影響政府決策,比其他思想庫更加政治化和意識形態(tài)化。 作為保守派思想庫,傳統(tǒng)基金會的宗旨和使命是“闡述和推進以自由企業(yè)、有限政府、個人自由、美國傳統(tǒng)價值觀念和強大國防等原則為基礎(chǔ)的保守的公共政策”,這也是傳統(tǒng)基金會最根本的思想理念,是其保守主義價值觀的集中體現(xiàn),其政治立場、政策主張均圍繞這一理念進行。不可忽視的是,傳統(tǒng)基金會鼓吹“中國威脅論”,支持對臺灣銷售軍事武器,具有鮮明的反華立場。20世紀80年代以來,隨著美國社會保守思潮的回流,該機構(gòu)在共和黨、政府高層和國會中扮演著越來越重要的角色,對公共政策和公眾輿論產(chǎn)生廣泛而深遠的影響。對傳統(tǒng)基金會的保守主義價值觀進行深入探究,了解它們?nèi)绾伪贿\用、滲透于重大問題的研究過程,進而影響美國民眾輿論和政府決策,也就理解了傳統(tǒng)基金會的本質(zhì),抓住了它日益壯大、影響力日漸擴張的核心要素。 本文著重研究傳統(tǒng)基金會的保守主義理念、價值觀以及如何在具體的政策中貫徹體現(xiàn)這些價值理念。除緒論和結(jié)語外,文章主體部分共分為三章,第一章是對傳統(tǒng)基金會成立背景與性質(zhì)、宗旨與組織結(jié)構(gòu)、出版物與聯(lián)系網(wǎng)的介紹；第二章從理論角度分析傳統(tǒng)基金會的保守主義價值觀,即自由企業(yè)、有限政府、個人自由、傳統(tǒng)價值觀和強大國防的內(nèi)涵；第三章是案例研究,選取克林頓政府時期的醫(yī)療改革和小布什政府對華政策兩個案例,分析傳統(tǒng)基金會在這兩個領(lǐng)域如何將其保守主義價值觀付諸實踐以影響政府決策。
[Abstract]:The Heritage Foundation (The Heritage Foundation) is one of the largest and most influential conservative think tanks in the United States today. The Heritage Foundation has established itself as a leader in policy research in the United States and in the world, becoming the most influential conservative think tank for the Republican administration in the United States. Its research scope involves many fields such as politics, economy, culture, diplomacy and so on. It flourished in Reagan period, and had a great influence on the foreign policy of Bush administration after "9 / 11". It pioneered a new model of public policy research institutions. (advocacy tank);, known as the "advocacy think tank" by time Weekly, established an extensive network of contacts to influence government decision-making in a variety of ways. More political and ideological than other think tanks. As a conservative think tank, the purpose and mission of the Heritage Foundation is to "articulate and promote conservative public policies based on the principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, American traditional values and strong national defense". This is also the most fundamental ideology of the traditional foundation and the concentrated embodiment of its conservative values. Its political position and policy stand are all centered around this idea. What cannot be ignored is that the Heritage Foundation has advocated the "China threat" theory and supported the sale of military weapons to Taiwan. Since the 1980s, the Heritage Foundation has a clear anti-China stance. Since the 1980s, with the return of conservative trends in American society, this organization has been in the Republican Party. High-level government and Congress play an increasingly important role in public policy and public opinion have a broad and far-reaching impact. By deeply exploring the conservative values of traditional foundations and understanding how they are used and infiltrated into the research process of major issues, and thus influencing public opinion and government decisions in the United States, we understand the essence of traditional foundations. Grasp its growing, growing influence of the core elements. This paper focuses on the conservative ideas of the Heritage Foundation, values and how to implement these values in specific policies. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the main part of the article is divided into three chapters. The first chapter introduces the background and nature of the foundation, its purpose and organizational structure, publications and network. The second chapter analyzes the traditional foundation's conservative values from a theoretical point of view, that is, free enterprise, limited government, personal freedom, traditional values and strong national defense connotation; the third chapter is a case study. This paper analyzes how the Heritage Foundation put its conservative values into practice in these two fields to influence the government's decision by choosing two cases of health care reform during the Clinton administration and Bush administration's policy toward China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D871.2
本文編號：2163323
[Abstract]:The Heritage Foundation (The Heritage Foundation) is one of the largest and most influential conservative think tanks in the United States today. The Heritage Foundation has established itself as a leader in policy research in the United States and in the world, becoming the most influential conservative think tank for the Republican administration in the United States. Its research scope involves many fields such as politics, economy, culture, diplomacy and so on. It flourished in Reagan period, and had a great influence on the foreign policy of Bush administration after "9 / 11". It pioneered a new model of public policy research institutions. (advocacy tank);, known as the "advocacy think tank" by time Weekly, established an extensive network of contacts to influence government decision-making in a variety of ways. More political and ideological than other think tanks. As a conservative think tank, the purpose and mission of the Heritage Foundation is to "articulate and promote conservative public policies based on the principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, American traditional values and strong national defense". This is also the most fundamental ideology of the traditional foundation and the concentrated embodiment of its conservative values. Its political position and policy stand are all centered around this idea. What cannot be ignored is that the Heritage Foundation has advocated the "China threat" theory and supported the sale of military weapons to Taiwan. Since the 1980s, the Heritage Foundation has a clear anti-China stance. Since the 1980s, with the return of conservative trends in American society, this organization has been in the Republican Party. High-level government and Congress play an increasingly important role in public policy and public opinion have a broad and far-reaching impact. By deeply exploring the conservative values of traditional foundations and understanding how they are used and infiltrated into the research process of major issues, and thus influencing public opinion and government decisions in the United States, we understand the essence of traditional foundations. Grasp its growing, growing influence of the core elements. This paper focuses on the conservative ideas of the Heritage Foundation, values and how to implement these values in specific policies. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the main part of the article is divided into three chapters. The first chapter introduces the background and nature of the foundation, its purpose and organizational structure, publications and network. The second chapter analyzes the traditional foundation's conservative values from a theoretical point of view, that is, free enterprise, limited government, personal freedom, traditional values and strong national defense connotation; the third chapter is a case study. This paper analyzes how the Heritage Foundation put its conservative values into practice in these two fields to influence the government's decision by choosing two cases of health care reform during the Clinton administration and Bush administration's policy toward China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D871.2
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