從認(rèn)知視角看正常化過程中的中英關(guān)系（1949-1972）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-25 19:58
【摘要】：關(guān)于正�；^程的中英關(guān)系研究在學(xué)術(shù)界已經(jīng)是一個(gè)老生常談的論題,在內(nèi)容上已無法突破前人的研究范圍和框架。然而,本文從主觀認(rèn)知(社會(huì)認(rèn)知)角度又對(duì)該論題進(jìn)行了重新梳理,文章大體結(jié)構(gòu)主要分為四個(gè)部分,第一部分在對(duì)社會(huì)認(rèn)知相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行界定的同時(shí),筆者還探討了社會(huì)認(rèn)知與社會(huì)行為之間的關(guān)系,提出了“社會(huì)認(rèn)知是社會(huì)行為的結(jié)果”的觀點(diǎn),基于傳統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義理論體系遭到質(zhì)疑、相關(guān)學(xué)科和新興學(xué)科的發(fā)展和二戰(zhàn)后有關(guān)心理因素研究成果在人類學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)大量出現(xiàn),這三方面的影響,認(rèn)知心理學(xué)在20世紀(jì)70年代廣泛地應(yīng)用于國(guó)際關(guān)系領(lǐng)域的一些有爭(zhēng)論的領(lǐng)域,如國(guó)際危機(jī)、和平和國(guó)際談判等等,但最多應(yīng)用于對(duì)外政策的決策分析上。 第二、三部分,筆者對(duì)中英關(guān)系正�；^程中英國(guó)的自我認(rèn)知和對(duì)彼此的認(rèn)知進(jìn)行了深入的探討。就英國(guó)而言,雖然在二戰(zhàn)中損失慘重,但英國(guó)依然是一個(gè)大國(guó),并且第一個(gè)建成福利國(guó)家,成為西方建設(shè)福利國(guó)家的典范,同時(shí),為了與美蘇抗衡,英國(guó)積極的回歸歐洲,是歐洲的一員。對(duì)于新中國(guó)的認(rèn)識(shí),英國(guó)首先在法律上承認(rèn)了中華人民共和國(guó)是中國(guó)唯一的合法政府,但是出于冷戰(zhàn)的考慮,又認(rèn)為中國(guó)是必須遏制的對(duì)象,隨著六七十年代隨著國(guó)際形勢(shì)的變化,英國(guó)政府改變了對(duì)中國(guó)的敵對(duì)態(tài)度,把中國(guó)定位于“潛在的盟友”。而就中國(guó)而言,自誕生之日起,就受到兩種意識(shí)(民族主義和國(guó)家主權(quán)意識(shí))的影響,因而在對(duì)英國(guó)的認(rèn)識(shí)上也深深地打上這樣的烙印,認(rèn)為英國(guó)是美帝國(guó)主義的走狗,六七十年代由于中蘇關(guān)系的惡化,出于戰(zhàn)略利益的考慮,中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人也改變的對(duì)英國(guó)的認(rèn)識(shí),認(rèn)為英國(guó)是可以爭(zhēng)取的力量。正是由于兩國(guó)對(duì)彼此認(rèn)知的變化,為兩國(guó)關(guān)系的正�；峁┝似鯔C(jī)。但必須指出的是這么說并不否認(rèn)其他因素在正常化過程中的作用。第四部分筆者在制約中英關(guān)系正�；囊蛩刂刑暨x了一個(gè)具有代表性、典型性和持久性的問題—聯(lián)合國(guó)代表權(quán)問題作為案例,以中英兩國(guó)對(duì)該問題的認(rèn)識(shí)為出發(fā)點(diǎn),分析了兩國(guó)在不同時(shí)期主觀認(rèn)識(shí)的變化過程,并揭示了兩國(guó)關(guān)系的互動(dòng)與演變。 最后,筆者對(duì)全文做了簡(jiǎn)短的總結(jié),縱觀兩國(guó)相互認(rèn)知的歷程,在以意識(shí)形態(tài)為斗爭(zhēng)旗幟的冷戰(zhàn)格局下,中英在正�；^程中的總體認(rèn)知大致先后經(jīng)歷了從非敵非友到善意友好,到敵對(duì)威脅再到友好的過程,而影響這種認(rèn)識(shí)變化的因素卻是復(fù)雜的,有英國(guó)外交傳統(tǒng)的影響,也有新中國(guó)建國(guó)后國(guó)情的制約,當(dāng)然也無法擺脫整個(gè)國(guó)際形勢(shì)變化的推動(dòng),比如在聯(lián)合國(guó)代表權(quán)問題上,筆者認(rèn)為正是由于60年代不結(jié)盟運(yùn)動(dòng)與第三世界的興起,在影響英國(guó)對(duì)恢復(fù)新中國(guó)在聯(lián)合國(guó)代表權(quán)問題上的認(rèn)識(shí)發(fā)揮了重要作用,從而推動(dòng)了中英關(guān)系的發(fā)展。總之,對(duì)于中英正�；^程中的相互認(rèn)知問題,內(nèi)容涉及到方方面面。
[Abstract]:The study of Sino-British relations in the process of normalization has become a commonplace topic in academic circles and has failed to break through the scope and framework of previous studies in content. However, from the perspective of subjective cognition (social cognition), this paper reorganizes the thesis. The main structure of the article is divided into four parts. The first part defines the related concepts of social cognition at the same time. The author also discusses the relationship between social cognition and social behavior, and puts forward the view that social cognition is the result of social behavior. The impact of the development of related and emerging disciplines and the post-World War II research on psychological factors in anthropology, sociology and economics, Cognitive psychology was widely used in some controversial fields of international relations in the 1970s, such as international crisis, peace, international negotiation, etc. In the second and third parts, the author probes into the self-cognition and cognition of each other in the process of normalization of Sino-British relations. As far as Britain is concerned, although it suffered heavy losses in World War II, it was still a big country, and it was the first to build a welfare state in the West, and in order to compete with the United States and the Soviet Union, Britain actively returned to Europe. He is a member of Europe. Regarding the understanding of the new China, Britain first legally recognized the people's Republic of China as the sole legitimate government of China, but because of the considerations of the cold war, it also believed that China was the object that must be contained. As the international situation changed in the 1960s and 1970s, the British government changed its hostile attitude toward China, positioning China as a "potential ally." As far as China is concerned, since its birth, it has been influenced by two kinds of consciousness (nationalism and national sovereignty consciousness). Therefore, it has also deeply branded Britain as a running dog of US imperialism. In the 1960s and 1970s, due to the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations and the consideration of strategic interests, Chinese leaders also changed their understanding of Britain, believing that Britain was a force that could be won over. It is the change of cognition between the two countries that provides an opportunity for the normalization of relations between the two countries. It must be noted, however, that this does not deny the role of other factors in the normalization process. In the fourth part, the author selects a representative, typical and persistent issue, the representation of the United Nations, as a case, starting from the understanding of this issue between China and the United Kingdom, among the factors restricting the normalization of Sino-British relations. This paper analyzes the changing process of subjective cognition between the two countries in different periods, and reveals the interaction and evolution of the relationship between the two countries. Finally, the author makes a brief summary of the full text, looking at the process of mutual cognition between the two countries, under the Cold War pattern of ideology as the banner of struggle, In the process of normalization, the general cognition of China and Britain has experienced a process from non-enemy, non-friend, friendly to friendly, to hostile threat and then to friendliness. However, the factors influencing this change of cognition are complicated, influenced by the British diplomatic tradition. There are also constraints on China's national conditions after the founding of the people's Republic of China, and of course it is impossible to shake off the impetus of changes in the entire international situation. For example, on the issue of United Nations representation, I think it is precisely because of the rise of the Non-Aligned Movement and the third World Movement in the 1960s. It has played an important role in influencing Britain's understanding of the restoration of New China's representation in the United Nations, thus promoting the development of Sino-British relations. In a word, the mutual cognition in the process of normalization involves all aspects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D829
本文編號(hào)：2144913
[Abstract]:The study of Sino-British relations in the process of normalization has become a commonplace topic in academic circles and has failed to break through the scope and framework of previous studies in content. However, from the perspective of subjective cognition (social cognition), this paper reorganizes the thesis. The main structure of the article is divided into four parts. The first part defines the related concepts of social cognition at the same time. The author also discusses the relationship between social cognition and social behavior, and puts forward the view that social cognition is the result of social behavior. The impact of the development of related and emerging disciplines and the post-World War II research on psychological factors in anthropology, sociology and economics, Cognitive psychology was widely used in some controversial fields of international relations in the 1970s, such as international crisis, peace, international negotiation, etc. In the second and third parts, the author probes into the self-cognition and cognition of each other in the process of normalization of Sino-British relations. As far as Britain is concerned, although it suffered heavy losses in World War II, it was still a big country, and it was the first to build a welfare state in the West, and in order to compete with the United States and the Soviet Union, Britain actively returned to Europe. He is a member of Europe. Regarding the understanding of the new China, Britain first legally recognized the people's Republic of China as the sole legitimate government of China, but because of the considerations of the cold war, it also believed that China was the object that must be contained. As the international situation changed in the 1960s and 1970s, the British government changed its hostile attitude toward China, positioning China as a "potential ally." As far as China is concerned, since its birth, it has been influenced by two kinds of consciousness (nationalism and national sovereignty consciousness). Therefore, it has also deeply branded Britain as a running dog of US imperialism. In the 1960s and 1970s, due to the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations and the consideration of strategic interests, Chinese leaders also changed their understanding of Britain, believing that Britain was a force that could be won over. It is the change of cognition between the two countries that provides an opportunity for the normalization of relations between the two countries. It must be noted, however, that this does not deny the role of other factors in the normalization process. In the fourth part, the author selects a representative, typical and persistent issue, the representation of the United Nations, as a case, starting from the understanding of this issue between China and the United Kingdom, among the factors restricting the normalization of Sino-British relations. This paper analyzes the changing process of subjective cognition between the two countries in different periods, and reveals the interaction and evolution of the relationship between the two countries. Finally, the author makes a brief summary of the full text, looking at the process of mutual cognition between the two countries, under the Cold War pattern of ideology as the banner of struggle, In the process of normalization, the general cognition of China and Britain has experienced a process from non-enemy, non-friend, friendly to friendly, to hostile threat and then to friendliness. However, the factors influencing this change of cognition are complicated, influenced by the British diplomatic tradition. There are also constraints on China's national conditions after the founding of the people's Republic of China, and of course it is impossible to shake off the impetus of changes in the entire international situation. For example, on the issue of United Nations representation, I think it is precisely because of the rise of the Non-Aligned Movement and the third World Movement in the 1960s. It has played an important role in influencing Britain's understanding of the restoration of New China's representation in the United Nations, thus promoting the development of Sino-British relations. In a word, the mutual cognition in the process of normalization involves all aspects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D829
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 蘭杰;羅蓉;;英國(guó)主流媒體對(duì)中國(guó)形象的認(rèn)識(shí)[J];湖北社會(huì)科學(xué);2013年08期
，本文編號(hào)：2144913
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