本文選題：九段 + 中國(guó)　； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：南海有重要的戰(zhàn)略價(jià)值和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值,現(xiàn)在是世界上最具爭(zhēng)議的地區(qū)之一。當(dāng)下共有六個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)在南海地區(qū)主張權(quán)利,包括中國(guó),臺(tái)灣,越南,馬來西亞,文萊和菲律賓。這些國(guó)家和地區(qū)既對(duì)南海的島礁主張權(quán)利,也對(duì)南海水域主張權(quán)利。南海糾紛總體上包括兩個(gè)方面：一方面是各方對(duì)南海島礁的主權(quán)歸屬爭(zhēng)議；另一方面是各方在南海水域主張的海洋權(quán)利的沖突。中國(guó)作為六方之一,以九段線為依據(jù)對(duì)線內(nèi)的全部南海島礁主張主權(quán)。 九段線在中國(guó)的南海地圖上已經(jīng)存在了半個(gè)多世紀(jì)。中國(guó)將其作為在南海主張權(quán)利的一個(gè)重要依據(jù)。但是至今為止,中國(guó)對(duì)九段線并沒有一個(gè)官方的解釋和定義。中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)九段線的解釋和法理依據(jù)主要有四種理論：(1)九段線是中國(guó)在南海的海疆線；(2)九段線內(nèi)的水域是中國(guó)的歷史性水域：(3)九段線的作用是南海島嶼歸屬線；(4)中國(guó)在九段線內(nèi)的水域享有歷史性權(quán)利。 本文主要有兩項(xiàng)任務(wù)。一是分析這四種理論的國(guó)際法依據(jù)。另一項(xiàng)任務(wù)是根據(jù)中國(guó)在南海糾紛中的相關(guān)國(guó)家實(shí)踐,試圖理解中國(guó)在南海究竟主張什么權(quán)利。根據(jù)本文的分析,以下幾點(diǎn)是明確的。其一,中國(guó)主張九段線內(nèi)的所有島礁都是中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土,并且根據(jù)國(guó)際海洋法公約對(duì)鄰近的水域主張海洋權(quán)利；其二中國(guó)并沒有主張九段線內(nèi)的全部水域是中國(guó)的領(lǐng)海或者歷史性水域。但還不能確定的是中國(guó)是否根據(jù)歷史證據(jù)主張國(guó)際海洋法公約規(guī)定之外其它海洋權(quán)利。 最新的中國(guó)官方行為顯示中國(guó)現(xiàn)在正努力使其在海洋上的權(quán)利主張符合國(guó)際法,尤其是建立了海洋權(quán)利制度的國(guó)際海洋法公約。事實(shí)上這正是中國(guó)需要做的,而且有益于中國(guó)自身的利益。根據(jù)對(duì)關(guān)于九段線的四種理論的分析,九段線在國(guó)際法上的證明效力很弱。但中國(guó)可能出于一些政治上的考慮而繼續(xù)保留九段線。比如說,它可以把九段線作為與其它在南海主張權(quán)利的國(guó)家進(jìn)行談判的籌碼。但無論如何,中國(guó)都應(yīng)該澄清九段線的法律性質(zhì)和它以此為據(jù)在南海所主張的權(quán)利,因?yàn)檫@是中國(guó)與其它主張權(quán)利的中國(guó)進(jìn)行雙邊或多邊合作的前提。
[Abstract]:The South China Sea has important strategic and economic values and is now one of the most controversial regions in the world. Six countries claim rights in the South China Sea, including China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and the Philippines. These countries and regions claim not only the islands and reefs in the South China Sea, but also the waters of the South China Sea. The dispute in the South China Sea generally includes two aspects: one is the sovereignty dispute over the islands and reefs in the South China Sea; the other is the conflict of the maritime rights claimed by the parties in the waters of the South China Sea. China, as six Fang Zhi one, claims sovereignty over all the islands and reefs in the South China Sea on the basis of the nine-dash line. The Nine-Duan Line has existed on China's South China Sea map for more than half a century. China regards it as an important basis for asserting rights in the South China Sea. But so far, China has no official interpretation and definition of the nine-dash line. There are four theories on the interpretation and legal basis of JiuDuan Line in Chinese academic circles: (1) Nine Duan Line is China's maritime boundary line in the South China Sea; (2) the waters within Nine Duan Line are historical waters of China; (3) the function of Nine Duan Line is the belonging line of South China Sea Islands; (4) China enjoys historic rights in the waters within the Nine Duan Line. There are two main tasks in this paper. The first is to analyze the international law basis of these four theories. Another task is to try to understand what rights China claims in the South China Sea, based on state practice in disputes over the South China Sea. According to the analysis of this paper, the following points are clear. First, China maintains that all islands and reefs within the nine-paragraph line are China's territory, and claims maritime rights to adjacent waters in accordance with the International Convention on the Law of the Sea; Second, China does not claim that all the waters within the Nine Duan Line are China's territorial waters or historic waters. But it is not certain whether China claims maritime rights other than those stipulated in UNCLOS on the basis of historical evidence. The latest official Chinese action shows that China is now trying to bring its maritime claims into line with international law, in particular the International Convention on the Law of the Sea, which has established a maritime rights regime. In fact, this is exactly what China needs to do, and it is in China's own interest. According to the analysis of four theories about nine-dash line, the proof effect of nine-dash line in international law is very weak. But China may keep the nine-dash line for some political reasons. For example, it could use the nine-dash line as a bargaining chip in negotiations with other states claiming rights in the South China Sea. But in any case, China should clarify the legal nature of the nine-dash line and the rights it claims in the South China Sea, because it is a prerequisite for bilateral or multilateral cooperation with other rights-asserting China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D815.3;D820

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

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