本文選題：哈伊姆·魏茲曼 + 猶太復(fù)國(guó)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：1948年5月以色列國(guó)的建立是20世紀(jì)世界歷史上的一件大事。它標(biāo)志著猶太復(fù)國(guó)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的最后勝利。在這場(chǎng)轟轟烈烈的運(yùn)動(dòng)中,涌現(xiàn)出無(wú)數(shù)杰出的人物,哈伊姆·魏茲曼就是其中不可或缺的一位偉人。魏茲曼把自己一生的大部分精力都奉獻(xiàn)給了猶太復(fù)國(guó)主義事業(yè)。他在各大國(guó)之間縱橫捭闔,飽經(jīng)磨難,為以色列國(guó)的建立立下汗馬功勞,成為猶太復(fù)國(guó)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)史上前承赫茨爾,后啟本-古里安的最重要的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之一。 本文共分為三節(jié)： 第一節(jié)主要論述了魏茲曼的猶太復(fù)國(guó)主義思想觀及其在二戰(zhàn)以前的猶太復(fù)國(guó)主義活動(dòng)。魏茲曼的猶太復(fù)國(guó)主義思想觀包括三個(gè)方面：首先是把巴勒斯坦確定為猶太人唯一的建國(guó)之地；其次是確立了依靠大國(guó)建國(guó)的路線方針；最后是與巴勒斯坦的原住民阿拉伯人之間的相處方式——從最初的阿猶和平共處,共建一國(guó)到最后借助強(qiáng)國(guó)的支持獨(dú)立建國(guó)。二戰(zhàn)以前魏茲曼的主要活動(dòng)包括兩個(gè)方面：促使《貝爾福宣言》的出臺(tái)和簽訂《魏茲曼—費(fèi)薩爾協(xié)定》。 第二節(jié)主要論述了二戰(zhàn)期間魏茲曼對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)猶太復(fù)國(guó)主義目標(biāo)所做的努力。包括四個(gè)方面：一是尋求大國(guó)的支持。除了繼續(xù)謀求英國(guó)的支持外,魏茲曼還積極尋求當(dāng)時(shí)最強(qiáng)大的兩個(gè)國(guó)家美國(guó)和蘇聯(lián)的支持。二是建立猶太軍隊(duì)。這是猶太人在二戰(zhàn)初期就追求的目標(biāo),其中雖然幾經(jīng)波折,但最后終于夢(mèng)想成真。三是爭(zhēng)取向巴勒斯坦移民。在納粹屠猶的歷史背景下,鑒于其他國(guó)家都不想接受猶太難民和移民,爭(zhēng)取讓猶太人移民巴勒斯坦就成為唯一的選擇。四是以技術(shù)換支持。 第三節(jié)主要論述了二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以后,圍繞分治決議的通過(guò)和以色列國(guó)的建立魏茲曼所做的一系列努力。為了爭(zhēng)取分治決議順利通過(guò),魏茲曼多方求助,依靠大國(guó)、爭(zhēng)取小國(guó),使得分治決議得到聯(lián)合國(guó)代表多數(shù)的同意,為以色列國(guó)的建立提供了法律依據(jù)。在1948年5月以色列國(guó)建立前后,魏茲曼又利用一切力量尋求支持,最終使得以色列得到國(guó)際社會(huì)的認(rèn)可,成為聯(lián)合國(guó)的正式成員國(guó)之一。 以色列國(guó)建立后,魏茲曼當(dāng)選為第一任總統(tǒng),并且被尊為以色列的國(guó)父。這是對(duì)魏茲曼的崇高品格及其為猶太人建國(guó)事業(yè)所做貢獻(xiàn)的充分肯定。
[Abstract]:The establishment of the State of Israel in May 1948 was a major event in the world history of the 20 th century. It marked the final victory of the Zionist movement. Haim Weizman is one of the great men in the great movement. Weizman devoted most of his life to the Zionist cause. He manoeuvred among the great powers, suffered a lot, made great contributions to the establishment of the state of Israel, and became one of the most important leaders of the Zionist movement in the history of Zionism. This paper is divided into three sections: the first section mainly discusses Weizman's Zionist ideology and its Zionist activities before World War II. Weizman's view of Zionism includes three aspects: first, Palestine is determined as the only land for Jewish statehood, and secondly, the line and policy of relying on the great power to establish the state are established. Finally, there is the way to get along with the native Arabs of Palestine-from the initial peaceful coexistence of Ayu, to the building of a state with the support of powerful nations for independent statehood. Before World War II, Weizman's main activities included two aspects: the introduction of the Belfort Declaration and the signing of the Weizman- Faisal Agreement. The second section mainly discusses Weizman's efforts to achieve the Zionist goal during World War II. Including four aspects: first, to seek the support of major countries. In addition to continuing to seek British support, Weizman actively sought the support of the two most powerful nations of the time, the United States and the Soviet Union. Second, the establishment of a Jewish army. It was a goal that Jews had pursued in the early part of World War II, but it was a dream come true. Third, to strive for Palestinian immigrants. In the historical context of Nazi slaughter of Jude, since no other country wants to accept Jewish refugees and immigrants, it is the only option for Jews to immigrate to Palestine. Fourth, technology for support. The third section mainly discusses a series of efforts about the adoption of partition resolution and the establishment of the State of Israel after the end of World War II. In order to win the successful passage of partition resolution, Weizman sought help from many parties, relying on large countries and small countries, so that the partition resolution was approved by the majority of the representatives of the United Nations, which provided a legal basis for the establishment of the State of Israel. Before and after the establishment of the State of Israel in May 1948 Weizman used all his strength to seek support and finally Israel was recognized by the international community and became one of the full members of the United Nations. When the State of Israel was founded, Weizman was elected the first President and respected as the father of Israel. This is a full affirmation of Weizman's lofty character and his contribution to the cause of Jewish statehood.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K382;D815.4

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本文編號(hào)：2075512