本文選題：冷戰(zhàn)時期 + 英美��； 參考：《重慶師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之后，英國國家實力大幅度衰弱，淪為二流大國，而美國則一躍成為世界一流大國。戰(zhàn)后的英國仍然將自己視為不同于其他歐洲國家的大國，因此其在外交中仍然試圖保持著“日不落帝國”的傳統(tǒng)——均勢外交。但是英國孱弱的現(xiàn)實不得不迫使其尋求一個強有力的大國作為最重要的盟友，，而和英國有著“特殊關(guān)系”的美國自然就成為了英國的目標。 英美“特殊關(guān)系”始于二戰(zhàn)時期，在戰(zhàn)后初期得以強化。在很長一段時期內(nèi)“特殊關(guān)系”成為了英國外交的重中之重。美國希望利用英國來牽制蘇聯(lián)及共產(chǎn)主義在歐洲的擴張；英國則希望利用美國的強大實力來維持其在歐洲的強勢地位，繼續(xù)推行其均勢政策。但是隨著時間的推移和世界格局的變化，英美之間的這種“特殊關(guān)系”不但沒有使英國重拾“日不落帝國”的光輝，反而使英國的外交陷入了困境當中。 二戰(zhàn)后，英國的外交基礎(chǔ)是丘吉爾提出的“三環(huán)外交”，主要包括了美國、歐洲和英聯(lián)邦三個主要內(nèi)容，美國則是英國所有外交關(guān)系中的基礎(chǔ)環(huán)節(jié)。英國是希望通過“三環(huán)外交”重回世界一流大國的行列。但是美國國力的增長和英國國力衰退的事實使得英國狐假虎威的如意算盤開始落空。美國不可能聽命于一個二流國家，英國更不可能控制一個已經(jīng)成為世界第一強國的美國，因而英美“特殊關(guān)系”開始偏離了英國的初衷并且出現(xiàn)裂痕；作為英國外交基礎(chǔ)國的美國，一旦出現(xiàn)波動整個英國外交關(guān)系都出現(xiàn)變化，歐洲各國開始了歐洲一體化的過程，英國對待歐洲一體化的態(tài)度非常曖昧，口頭上表示支持但行動上卻在排斥，這使得英歐關(guān)系出現(xiàn)新變化；英國和英聯(lián)邦的關(guān)系也因為英國和美、歐的關(guān)系變化而出現(xiàn)波動。 本文將從英美“特殊關(guān)系”著手，在吸收和借鑒前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，對冷戰(zhàn)時期英國所面臨的外交困境進行分析。文章分為引言、正文和總結(jié)三個部分： 引言部分主要是指出問題的研究意義、國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀、研究思路和寫作方法以及文章的主要內(nèi)容。 正文部分主要有三個部分：第一部分主要是英美“特殊關(guān)系”的形成，包括文化上的淵源，二戰(zhàn)的特殊背景以及英國外交的傳統(tǒng)；第二部分是英美“特殊關(guān)系”的強化階段的表現(xiàn)，包括政治和經(jīng)濟方面；第三部分則是本文的主要部分，即英美“特殊關(guān)系”變化以及所產(chǎn)生的英國外交困境。 結(jié)論部分，對正文進行總結(jié)。結(jié)合史實和現(xiàn)狀對英美“特殊關(guān)系”和英國外交進行綜合分析，找出二者之間的聯(lián)系，并對其進行評價。
[Abstract]:After the second World War, Britain fell into second-rate power, and the United States became the world's first-class power. After the war, Britain still regarded itself as a great power different from other European countries, so it still tried to maintain the traditional balance of power in diplomacy. But Britain's weak reality has forced it to seek a powerful power as its most important ally, and the United States, which has a "special relationship" with Britain, has naturally become a British target. The special relationship between Britain and America began during World War II and was strengthened in the early postwar period. For a long time, the special relationship became the top priority of British diplomacy. The United States wants to use Britain to contain the Soviet Union and communist expansion in Europe; Britain wants to use its power to maintain its strong position in Europe and to continue its balance of power policy. However, with the passage of time and the change of the world pattern, the "special relationship" between Britain and the United States has not only failed to restore the glory of the "sun not falling empire", but also caused Britain's diplomacy to fall into a difficult position. After World War II, British diplomacy was based on Churchill's "Three-Ring diplomacy", which mainly included the three main contents of the United States, Europe and the Commonwealth, and the United States was the basic link in all British diplomatic relations. Britain hopes to return to the ranks of the world's first-class powers through three-ring diplomacy. But the growth of American power and the decline of British power are starting to scupper Britain's hopes. The United States could not obey the orders of a second-rate country, and Britain could not control the United States, which had become the world's first power. Therefore, the "special relationship" between the United States and the United States began to deviate from the original intention of the United Kingdom and produce cracks. As the foundation of British diplomacy, the United States, once there were fluctuations in the whole British diplomatic relations, the European countries began the process of European integration, and the British attitude towards European integration was very ambiguous. Voicing support but rejecting action has led to a new change in the relationship between Britain and Europe, and the relationship between Britain and the Commonwealth has fluctuated because of changes in relations between the United Kingdom and the United States and Europe. This article will start from the British and American "special relations", on the basis of absorbing and drawing lessons from the previous studies, to analyze the diplomatic dilemma faced by Britain during the Cold War. The article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and summary: The introduction mainly points out the significance of the research, the current research situation at home and abroad, the research ideas and writing methods, as well as the main contents of the article. There are three main parts in the text: the first part is the formation of the "special relationship" between the United States and the United States, including the cultural origin, the special background of World War II and the tradition of British diplomacy; The second part is the performance of the strengthening stage of the "special relationship" in Britain and America, including the political and economic aspects, and the third part is the main part of this paper, that is, the change of the "special relationship" between the United States and the British diplomatic predicament. The conclusion part, carries on the summary to the body. Combined with historical facts and present situation, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the "special relationship" between Britain and the United States and British diplomacy, finds out the relationship between the two, and evaluates them.
【學位授予單位】：重慶師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D856.1

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