發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-27 01:17

  本文選題：修昔底德陷阱 + 中國(guó)崛起��； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：中美關(guān)系是當(dāng)今世界最重要的雙邊關(guān)系之一,美國(guó)也是影響中華民族再崛起的最大外部因素。當(dāng)今的中美關(guān)系非常復(fù)雜。從現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看,中美兩國(guó)關(guān)系最突出的特點(diǎn)是在國(guó)家利益等問(wèn)題上存在著結(jié)構(gòu)性的矛盾與沖突。二戰(zhàn)后,美國(guó)始終把維持在全球的主導(dǎo)地位,維護(hù)其全球霸權(quán)作為其核心國(guó)家利益。改革開(kāi)放以后,中國(guó)的再次崛起已經(jīng)成為不可阻擋的必然趨勢(shì)。隨著中國(guó)的崛起,中國(guó)在世界的影響力必然擴(kuò)大。盡管中國(guó)無(wú)意挑戰(zhàn)美國(guó)在全球的霸權(quán)地位,但中國(guó)在全球影響力的擴(kuò)大必然導(dǎo)致美國(guó)全球霸權(quán)地位的不確定性,再加上國(guó)際社會(huì)無(wú)政府狀態(tài)造成的中美之間互信的缺失,致使中美之間的矛盾更具有新時(shí)代特點(diǎn)。面對(duì)新形勢(shì)下國(guó)際局勢(shì)的復(fù)雜性,如何加強(qiáng)兩國(guó)互信互惠、合作共贏,在中美之間建構(gòu)一種新型大國(guó)關(guān)系就擺在了兩國(guó)政治家的面前。 本文在結(jié)構(gòu)上主要分為三大部分。其中,第一部分是緒論部分,包括選題意義、研究現(xiàn)狀綜述、寫(xiě)作思路和研究方法；第二部分是論文的主體部分,包括第二、三、四、五章；第三部分是結(jié)論部分。 第二章從歷史的視角入手,以古希臘歷史學(xué)家從伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中總結(jié)出來(lái)的“修昔底德陷進(jìn)”來(lái)看中美新興大國(guó)與守城大國(guó)之間的關(guān)系。由于美國(guó)對(duì)正在崛起的中國(guó)缺乏信任,認(rèn)為中國(guó)崛起之后必然會(huì)像昔日的西方列強(qiáng)那樣實(shí)行對(duì)外擴(kuò)張的政策,采取主動(dòng)、破壞性的行為來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)美國(guó)的全球霸主地位,這就使得中美之間的矛盾具有了結(jié)構(gòu)性。然而,結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾只是意味著矛盾的難以解決,并不意味著根本不能解決。中美之間必須走出現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者約翰·米爾斯海默所謂的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)宿命論。通過(guò)共同努力,中美之間可以建構(gòu)一種新型的大國(guó)關(guān)系。 第三章著重研究中美之間構(gòu)建新型大國(guó)關(guān)系的必要性與現(xiàn)實(shí)性。縱觀歷史,中美之間合則兩利,斗則兩傷。在新形勢(shì)下,中美之間必須而且可以構(gòu)建一種合作共贏的新型大國(guó)關(guān)系。這是因?yàn)?首先,當(dāng)今的世界越來(lái)越全球化,世界各國(guó)由于相互聯(lián)系的增加而產(chǎn)生了深深的相互依賴(lài),任何一個(gè)國(guó)家的發(fā)展、國(guó)家安全的實(shí)現(xiàn)都離不開(kāi)他國(guó)的合作；其次,由于全球化,當(dāng)今世界上的各種非傳統(tǒng)安全已成為影響國(guó)際社會(huì)和平、安全和各個(gè)國(guó)家國(guó)家利益的重要因素；再次,中美兩國(guó)在國(guó)際社會(huì)的地位、影響力和核大國(guó)特點(diǎn)也決定了中美兩國(guó)必須超越歷史,構(gòu)建一種合作型的新型大國(guó)關(guān)系。 第四章主要分析了美國(guó)對(duì)華政策的兩面性。國(guó)家利益是一個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)外政策的出發(fā)點(diǎn),美國(guó)的對(duì)華政策也是建構(gòu)在其對(duì)自我國(guó)家利益的認(rèn)識(shí)基礎(chǔ)之上的。美國(guó)既要維護(hù)其全球霸主地位,又要直面中國(guó)必然崛起的趨勢(shì),這就使得美國(guó)的許多對(duì)華政策顯示出強(qiáng)烈的遏制性的一面。但另一方面,由于國(guó)家利益的復(fù)雜性和國(guó)際社會(huì)的變遷,美國(guó)又離不開(kāi)中國(guó)的合作。因此,美國(guó)的對(duì)華政策具有明顯的遏制與合作的兩面性。 第五章主要探討了中美建構(gòu)新型大國(guó)關(guān)系的路徑�；诂F(xiàn)實(shí)的原因,美國(guó)在對(duì)華實(shí)行遏制戰(zhàn)略的同時(shí),又不得不與中國(guó)進(jìn)行合作,這就使得中美構(gòu)建一種“不沖突、不對(duì)抗、相互尊重、合作雙贏”的新型大國(guó)關(guān)系成為了可能。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo),中美雙方必須采取一切必要的措施,包括加強(qiáng)兩國(guó)民間的互動(dòng),在兩國(guó)的民間培養(yǎng)一種互信、有相互好感的社會(huì)氛圍。特別是兩國(guó)精英階層要樹(shù)立兩國(guó)友好合作的信念,在觀念領(lǐng)域建構(gòu)起一種合作的新型大國(guó)關(guān)系。在現(xiàn)實(shí)中,中美兩國(guó)都有自己現(xiàn)實(shí)的國(guó)家利益。在建構(gòu)自身的國(guó)家利益時(shí),雙方必須以國(guó)際社會(huì)公認(rèn)的國(guó)際法和國(guó)際準(zhǔn)則為基礎(chǔ)。美國(guó)必須尊重中國(guó)通過(guò)自我艱苦奮斗實(shí)現(xiàn)民族復(fù)興和國(guó)家崛起的合法權(quán)利,尊重中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土完整和國(guó)家統(tǒng)一的核心國(guó)家利益。同樣,中國(guó)也應(yīng)因應(yīng)美國(guó)的核心國(guó)家利益訴求。只要雙方共同努力,中美兩國(guó)一定能夠克服困難,建構(gòu)起一種新型大國(guó)合作關(guān)系。 總之,本文認(rèn)為,中美雙方必須充分認(rèn)識(shí)到中美關(guān)系對(duì)于當(dāng)今中美兩國(guó)和當(dāng)今世界的重要性。只要雙方在理念和行動(dòng)上達(dá)成共識(shí),中美兩國(guó)完全能夠建立一種“不沖突、不對(duì)抗、相互尊重、合作共贏”的新型大國(guó)關(guān)系,擺脫歷史上崛起大國(guó)與守成大國(guó)必然沖突的歷史宿命。
[Abstract]:The relationship between China and the United States is one of the most important bilateral relations in the world today. The United States is also the biggest external factor affecting the reemergence of the Chinese nation. Today's Sino US relations are very complex. From the perspective of realism, the most prominent feature of the relationship between China and the United States is the structural contradictions and conflicts on the issues of national interests. After World War II, The United States has always maintained its dominant position in the world and maintained its global hegemony as its core national interest. After the reform and opening up, China's re emergence has become an inexorable trend. With the rise of China, China's influence in the world will inevitably expand. Although China does not have the intention to challenge the United States' hegemonic status in the world, China has no intention to challenge the hegemony of the United States. The expansion of the global influence in the world will inevitably lead to the uncertainty of the global hegemony status of the United States, and the lack of mutual trust between the United States and the United States caused by the anarchy of the international community, which makes the contradiction between the United States and the United States more characteristic of the new era. The construction of a new type of great power relations between China and the United States lies before politicians of both countries.
This article is divided into three main parts. The first part is the introduction, including the significance of the topic, the present situation of the research, the thinking and methods of writing; the second part is the main part of the paper, including second, third, four, five chapters, and the third part is the conclusion part.
The second chapter, starting with the historical perspective, takes the ancient Greek historian from the "Thucydides depression" summed up in the Peloponnesian War to see the relationship between the emerging powers of China and the United States and the great powers of the city. The policy of external expansion, taking the initiative and destructive behavior to challenge the global hegemony of the United States, makes the contradiction between China and the United States structural. However, the structural contradiction only means that the contradiction is difficult to solve and does not mean that it can not be solved at all. The realist John Mearsheimer must go out of China and the United States. Through the joint efforts, the United States and China can build a new type of big power relationship.
The third chapter focuses on the necessity and reality of the construction of a new type of great power relationship between China and the United States. Throughout history, China and the United States have two interests and two injuries. In the new situation, China and the United States must and can build a new type of cooperation and win-win relationship. This is because, first, the world is becoming more and more globalized and the world is due to the world The increasing interdependence has produced a deep interdependence. The development of any country and the realization of national security can not be separated from the cooperation of other countries. Secondly, because of globalization, the various non-traditional security in the world today has become an important factor affecting the peace, security and national interests of the international community; again, China and the United States two China's position in the international community, its influence and the characteristics of nuclear power also determine that China and the United States must transcend history and build a cooperative new type of big power relationship.
The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the two sides of the American policy towards China. The national interest is the starting point of a national foreign policy. The American policy towards China is based on its understanding of the national interests. The United States has to maintain its global hegemony and face the inevitable trend of China's rise, which makes many of the United States. The policy towards China shows a strong side of containment. On the other hand, because of the complexity of the national interests and the changes in the international community, the United States can not be separated from China's cooperation. Therefore, the United States policy towards China has a distinct dual nature of containment and cooperation.
The fifth chapter mainly discusses the path of the construction of a new relationship between China and the United States. On the basis of reality, the United States has to cooperate with China while implementing its containment strategy in China. This makes it possible to build a new type of great power relationship between China and the United States, which is "no conflict, no confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation". China and the United States must take all necessary measures, including strengthening the interaction between the two countries, cultivating a kind of mutual trust and good social atmosphere in the two countries. In particular, the elites of the two countries should set up a belief in friendly cooperation between the two countries and build a cooperative new power relationship in the field of concept. In reality, China and the United States two All countries have their own national interests. In the construction of their own national interests, both sides must be based on international law and international norms recognized by the international community. The United States must respect China's legitimate rights to achieve national rejuvenation and the rise of the state through hard work of self struggle, and respect China's territorial integrity and the core state of national unity. Likewise, China should also appeal to the interests of the United States' core national interests. As long as the two sides work together, China and the United States will be able to overcome the difficulties and build a new type of great power cooperation.
In conclusion, China and the United States must fully recognize the importance of Sino US relations to the present and the United States and the world today. As long as the two sides agree on ideas and actions, both China and the United States can fully establish a new type of relationship of "no conflict, no confrontation, mutual respect, cooperation and win-win", and the rise of a big country in history. The historical fate of the inevitable conflict with the great power.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D822.371.2

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