發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-13 14:50

  本文選題：美國 + 東南亞��； 參考：《云南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：美國是國際社會(huì)人道主義援助的重要國家。美國國會(huì)在1961年就通過了《對外援助法》。同時(shí),美國政府建立了一個(gè)長期的人道主義援助機(jī)制。美國國會(huì)、國務(wù)院和白宮對援助有一個(gè)政策指導(dǎo)的作用,而主要負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)施國際人道主義援助的機(jī)構(gòu)包括：美國國際開發(fā)計(jì)劃署和對外災(zāi)難救援辦公室。而美國防部同樣是美國對外人道主義援助的重要參與力量。 本文主要闡述了美國在東南亞的人道主義援助。冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,美國的人道主義援助,主要是出于對抗的需要,也包括對人道主義精神的尊重,例如,美國安置印支難民；冷戰(zhàn)后,美國政府保持了對該地區(qū)的長期的人道主義關(guān)注,特別是進(jìn)入21世紀(jì),美國政府參與印尼海嘯和緬甸風(fēng)災(zāi)等人道主義援助,都是美國政府在該地區(qū)人道主義援助的突出表現(xiàn)。從美國對東南亞所提供的人道主義援助中,可以看出,美國政府對該地區(qū)的援助總是免不了帶有一些政治利益的考慮。美國是在通過人道主義援助強(qiáng)化美國的“軟實(shí)力”,是帶有政治色彩的援助行為。美國政府的人道主義援助不僅對受援國產(chǎn)生了一些積極成果,例如,穩(wěn)定地區(qū)因?yàn)?zāi)害造成的不穩(wěn)定；而且,這也有利于美國在該地區(qū)的一些政治目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn),如美國國家形象的提升和政治影響力的強(qiáng)化。當(dāng)然,在援助中免不了有一些合作方面的問題。 總體而言,美國對東南亞提供具有雙贏意義的人道主義援助。由于美國是完善的法治國家,美國政府在法律和政策的支持下,形成了一套較為成熟的人道主義援助機(jī)制,從政策的制定到具體的救援執(zhí)行保持了一致性。美國政府很好的利用了人道主義援助這一柔性手段,一定程度上達(dá)到了提升國際形象、維持在東南亞的政治影響力和軍事影響力的目標(biāo)。而其中的一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)也對中國在該地區(qū)的人道主義有啟發(fā)意義。本文主要就美國在東南亞的人道主義援助整體情況,以及所提供的人道主義援助帶來的成效和作用等問題進(jìn)行了初步探討。
[Abstract]:The United States is an important humanitarian aid country in the international community. The United States Congress passed the Foreign Aid Act in 1961. At the same time, the US government has established a long-term humanitarian aid mechanism. Congress, the State Department and the White House have a policy role to guide aid, and agencies that are primarily responsible for implementing international humanitarian aid include the United States Agency for International Development and the Office for external disaster Relief. The Defense Department is also an important part of U.S. foreign humanitarian aid. This paper mainly expounds the humanitarian aid of the United States in Southeast Asia. During the Cold War, the United States' humanitarian assistance, mainly out of the need of confrontation, also included respect for the humanitarian spirit, for example, the United States resettled Indo-Chinese refugees; after the cold war, The U.S. government has maintained its long-term humanitarian concern in the region, especially in the 21st century, when the United States government participated in humanitarian aid such as the tsunami in Indonesia and the cyclone in Myanmar, all of which are prominent manifestations of the humanitarian aid provided by the United States government in the region. From the humanitarian aid provided by the United States to Southeast Asia, it can be seen that the United States Government's aid to the region has always been taken into account with some political interest. The United States is strengthening its "soft power" through humanitarian aid, and it is a political aid act. The humanitarian assistance of the United States Government has not only produced some positive results for the recipient countries, such as the instability caused by disasters in the stabilization areas; it has also contributed to the achievement of some of the political objectives of the United States in the region, For example, the national image of the United States and the strengthening of political influence. There are, of course, some problems with cooperation in aid. Overall, the United States provides a win-win humanitarian aid to Southeast Asia. Because the United States is a perfect country under the rule of law, under the support of laws and policies, the United States government has formed a more mature humanitarian aid mechanism, from the policy formulation to the specific rescue implementation to maintain consistency. The United States government has made good use of the flexible means of humanitarian aid, to a certain extent, has achieved the goal of raising the international image and maintaining the political and military influence in Southeast Asia. Some of these lessons are instructive for China's humanitarianism in the region. This paper mainly discusses the overall situation of American humanitarian aid in Southeast Asia and the effect and effect of the humanitarian aid provided.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2

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本文編號(hào)：1883644