本文選題：福利院青少年 + 同伴依戀��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：同伴依戀是個(gè)體在畢生的發(fā)展過程中與一些重要的他人建立起來的一種持續(xù)的、堅(jiān)固的、深層的情感聯(lián)結(jié),這種情感上的聯(lián)結(jié)對(duì)青少年的社會(huì)功能和人際關(guān)系有著及其重要的影響作用。在這種關(guān)系中,青少年雙方互相擁有親密的感受,并且相互給予對(duì)方理解與支持。對(duì)于青少年的人格發(fā)展以及社會(huì)性發(fā)展,擁有親密的同伴依戀關(guān)系有著非常積極的影響。同伴已經(jīng)成為青少年重要的依戀的對(duì)象。 沙盤游戲治療的主要要素是：一個(gè)按照比例制成的沙盤、沙子、水、各種類型的微縮模型,以及專業(yè)的沙盤治療師。沙盤游戲治療的基本條件是“安全、保護(hù)和自由”,沙盤游戲治療的基本特征為“非言語”和“非指導(dǎo)”,結(jié)合以上共同達(dá)成沙盤游戲治療和心理分析中“共情”、“感應(yīng)”與“轉(zhuǎn)化”的的綜合性治愈效果。初始沙盤就是沙盤游戲者所做的第一個(gè)沙盤。初始沙盤在沙盤游戲治療過程中有著非常特殊和重要的意義,它不僅僅能反映沙盤游戲者的存在的問題本質(zhì),同時(shí)還能夠提供解決沙盤游戲者問題的線索和治愈方向。 研究目的：本研究通過統(tǒng)計(jì)西安市福利院青少年與普通家庭青少年的同伴依戀水平及維度,以及兩者差異程度,總結(jié)福利院青少年同伴依戀在同伴信任、同伴溝通以及同伴疏離維度上的特點(diǎn)。通過討論初始沙盤在沙盤主題、使用沙具數(shù)量、沙盤空間利用、制作沙盤所用的時(shí)間、與陪伴者的互動(dòng)情況、沙盤主題概括能力等幾個(gè)方面的特征,與同伴依戀維度水平的關(guān)系,了解同伴依戀較低青少年的初始沙盤特征,以便更好的通過沙盤了解在福利院環(huán)境下同伴依戀水平較低青少年的心理特征。通過對(duì)福利院低同伴依戀水平青少年進(jìn)行沙盤治療的干預(yù),觀察沙盤治療這一療法對(duì)于提高福利院青少年同伴依戀水平的效果,并且對(duì)于沙盤療法的治療機(jī)制,轉(zhuǎn)化核心進(jìn)行探討。進(jìn)一步探求改善現(xiàn)有的不良情況的途徑以及方法。 研究方法：本研究采用《父母與同伴依戀問卷(IPPA—Inventory of parent and peer Attaehment)》中的《同伴依戀分量表》為測(cè)量工具,對(duì)30名福利院青少年和43名普通家庭青少年進(jìn)行施測(cè),通過獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)比較兩組學(xué)生同伴依戀中信任、溝通、疏離三個(gè)維度的差異；研究者詳細(xì)記錄了30名福利院青少年的初始沙盤制作過程,并對(duì)不同指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析總結(jié),結(jié)合問卷測(cè)量的結(jié)果,得出初始沙盤特征與同伴依戀的三個(gè)維度的相關(guān)情況；研究采用隨機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)組控制組后測(cè)設(shè)計(jì),3名接受沙盤游戲治療的低同伴依戀水平青少為實(shí)驗(yàn)組,另3名不接受任何治療干預(yù)的低同伴依戀水平青少年為控制組,通過對(duì)兩組沙盤特征和同伴依戀三個(gè)維度分?jǐn)?shù)的差異性檢驗(yàn),來驗(yàn)證沙盤游戲治療對(duì)于提高福利院青少年同伴依戀水平的有效性；通過陳述分析其中一名青少年的個(gè)體沙盤治療過程,體現(xiàn)沙盤游戲治療在提高同伴依戀水平時(shí)的心理變化過程。 研究結(jié)果： (1)福利院青少年在同伴依戀的信任、溝通維度的得分比普通家庭青少年低,在疏離維度的得分比普通家庭青少年高,且差異均顯著(P0.01) (2)沙盤游戲指標(biāo)中的空間利用、沙具數(shù)量以及互動(dòng)情況、主題表達(dá),沙盤露藍(lán)底以及治愈主題數(shù)與信任維度和溝通維度得分呈顯著正相關(guān)(P0.01)；與疏離維度得分呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.01) (3)沙盤組與控制組后測(cè)相比較,在信任和溝通維度的得分較高,而在疏離維度得分較低,且均差異顯著(P0.01)。沙盤組相比控制組,在空間利用和沙具數(shù)量上有顯著的增多,創(chuàng)傷主題數(shù)量顯著減少,治愈主題數(shù)量顯著增多(P0.01)。 研究結(jié)論： (1)福利院青少年同伴依戀特點(diǎn)：在同伴信任、溝通維度上顯著低于普通家庭青少年,在同伴疏離維度上顯著高于普通家庭青少年。 (2)福利院青少年初始沙盤特征的特征能夠反映出被試的同伴依戀水平。 (3)低同伴依戀青少年經(jīng)過沙盤游戲治療后,無論沙盤作品特征還是同伴依戀得分都有顯著提高。 (4)典型個(gè)案顯示,沙盤治療方法對(duì)于特殊問題的青少年具有良好的干預(yù)效果。
[Abstract]:Peer attachment is a kind of sustained , strong and deep emotional connection between the individual and some other important others during the development of life . In this relationship , there is a strong influence on the social function and interpersonal relationship of teenagers . In this relationship , the adolescents both have intimate feelings and mutual understanding and support .

The basic condition of the therapy of sand table games is " safety , protection and freedom " , the basic characteristics of the therapy of sand table games are " safety , protection and freedom " , the basic characteristics of the therapy are " non - verbal " and " non - directed " .

The purpose of this study is to study the characteristics of peer - to - peer attachment , peer - to - peer communication and peer - to - peer relationship among adolescents in the welfare home .

In this study , we studied the relationship of trust , communication and alienation among the students ' peer attachment in 30 welfare homes and 43 common families by means of independent sample t test .
The researchers recorded the initial sand production process of 30 children in the welfare homes , analyzed the different indexes , combined with the results of the questionnaire survey , and got the correlation between the characteristics of the initial sand table and the three dimensions of peer attachment ;
In this study , three different peer - to - peer attachment levels were studied in the experimental group and the other 3 patients without any treatment intervention were treated with the control group of the randomized experimental group . The other 3 patients who did not receive any treatment intervention were controlled by the control group .
This article analyses the course of the individual sand table treatment of one of the teenagers , and embodies the psychological change course of the treatment of the sand dish in the improvement of peer attachment level .

Results of the study :

( 1 ) The scores of trust and communication dimension among adolescents in welfare homes are lower than those of ordinary families , and the scores in the alienation dimension are higher than those in common families , and the difference is significant ( P0.01 ) .

( 2 ) The spatial utilization , the quantity of sand tools and the interaction , the expression of theme , the blue bottom of sand table and the number of healing themes were positively correlated with the scores of trust dimension and communication dimension ( P0.01 ) .
There was a negative correlation between the scores of alienation dimension ( P0.01 ) .

( 3 ) Compared with the control group , the scores of the trust and communication dimension were higher , and the scores were lower and the difference was significant ( P0.01 ) . Compared with the control group , there was a significant increase in the spatial utilization and the number of sand tools , the number of wound themes was significantly decreased , and the number of cure themes increased significantly ( P0.01 ) .

Conclusions of the study :

( 1 ) The characteristics of peer - to - peer attachment in welfare institutions : in peer trust , communication dimension is significantly lower than that of common family adolescents , which is significantly higher than that of ordinary families in the dimension of peer alienation .

( 2 ) The characteristics of the initial sand table characteristics of the young people in the welfare home can reflect the peer attachment level of the tested peer .

( 3 ) After the low peer attachment teenagers had been treated by the sand table games , both the characteristics of the disc and the scores of peer attachment were significantly improved .

( 4 ) Typical cases show that the treatment of sand table has a good effect on adolescents with special problems .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D844.2

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本文編號(hào)：1851606