本文選題：陳季同 + 愛國(guó)情結(jié)　； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：陳季同,是晚清時(shí)期我國(guó)一位外交官、改革家、中西文化的雙向傳播者。他開啟了“東學(xué)西傳”與中西文化比較的先河,是近代我國(guó)一位著名的愛國(guó)人士。 晚清時(shí)期,中華民族處于風(fēng)雨飄搖之中,亡國(guó)滅種的危險(xiǎn)隨時(shí)都有可能發(fā)生。這種危機(jī)的局面激勵(lì)著每一個(gè)愛國(guó)的仁人志士,為國(guó)家的富強(qiáng)和民族的獨(dú)立而奮斗不止。陳季同旅居歐洲長(zhǎng)達(dá)十六年之久,對(duì)西方文化和中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化均有較為深厚的造詣。在旅居歐洲期間(1876—1892年),陳季同作為駐法、德等使館的參贊、代理駐法大使,積極地為維護(hù)中華民族的利益而不斷地奔走呼號(hào),以自己的實(shí)際行動(dòng)努力維護(hù)中華民族的利益。陳季同曾經(jīng)創(chuàng)作了多部作品來(lái)宣傳和介紹中華民族的傳統(tǒng)文化,以此來(lái)消除西方人對(duì)中國(guó)的誤解,努力糾正西方人對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的偏見,在一定程度上糾正了西方人對(duì)中國(guó)的誤解,提高了中國(guó)及中國(guó)人的地位,改善了中國(guó)人在西方人眼中的形象。 陳季同的—生充滿著對(duì)祖國(guó)無(wú)限的熱愛。這種對(duì)祖國(guó)的愛,使陳季同時(shí)刻維護(hù)著祖國(guó)的利益,時(shí)刻為了祖國(guó)的富強(qiáng)與擺脫列強(qiáng)的侵略而奮斗。他是一位緊隨著時(shí)代步伐、積極向上的、進(jìn)步的民主政治思想家,同時(shí)他也是一位旅歐多年、經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的外交官,是當(dāng)時(shí)我國(guó)不可多得的外交人才。身受中西方文化熏陶的陳季同,既表現(xiàn)出對(duì)中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化的摯愛與忠誠(chéng),也表現(xiàn)出了對(duì)西方先進(jìn)文化的向往與追求。他在政治上追求政治民主化,但又割舍不了對(duì)清王朝最高統(tǒng)治者的擁護(hù)之情,割舍不了對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化的固守之情；在文化上,陳季同認(rèn)識(shí)到了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化教育的落后性,主張文化教育要能培養(yǎng)出適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展所需要的人才。另外,陳季同又主張,各個(gè)民族文化之間應(yīng)和平地交流,不斷地融合,共同為了世界文明的發(fā)展而貢獻(xiàn)各自的力量；在經(jīng)濟(jì)上,陳季同對(duì)晚清時(shí)期我國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)模式表示出了擔(dān)憂,商業(yè)教育模式的落后性導(dǎo)致了中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)人才的不興,經(jīng)濟(jì)人才的不興,導(dǎo)致了中國(guó)商業(yè)落后于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。因而,他主張清政府應(yīng)向西方學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)習(xí)西方先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)、商業(yè)模式、文化教育、甚而政治制度等內(nèi)容,以此來(lái)發(fā)展我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì),使之繁榮與富強(qiáng)；在外交上,陳季同依據(jù)我國(guó)的國(guó)情與國(guó)際形勢(shì),提出了“不卑不亢”的外交理念。出于愛國(guó)心的驅(qū)使,陳季同為了國(guó)家和民族的利益而與外國(guó)列強(qiáng)據(jù)理力爭(zhēng),在外交上做到了“不卑不亢”。他的一些外交理念和行為,在一定程度上體現(xiàn)出了現(xiàn)代國(guó)家之間交往的理念與行為。陳季同亦對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)出現(xiàn)的“自大盲目”與“懼外媚外”外交思想和行為,提出了批評(píng)；同時(shí),陳季同也是一位和平主義者、一位民族主義者。他反對(duì)西方國(guó)家通過(guò)暴力來(lái)侵略其他弱小國(guó)家的行為,他希望各個(gè)民族之間應(yīng)該相互和平存在,中西方國(guó)家和民族之間應(yīng)該摒棄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、消除誤會(huì),相互合作,共同努力,利用各個(gè)民族的優(yōu)秀文明成果,造福于人類。 從整體上而言,陳季同的行為和思想既體現(xiàn)出了時(shí)代的特點(diǎn),同時(shí)又超出了時(shí)代的要求,在他身上體現(xiàn)出了傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代的矛盾沖突,換句話說(shuō),也即在他身上體現(xiàn)出了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化與西方現(xiàn)代文化之間碰撞、融合之后的困惑。而這就注定了陳季同是一位孤獨(dú)的先行者。
[Abstract]:Chen Ji is one of China ' s diplomats , reformers and bi - directional communicators in the late Qing Dynasty . He opened the first river of " East China West Transfer " and the comparison of Chinese and Western culture . It is a famous patriotic person in modern China .

During the period of the late Qing Dynasty , the Chinese nation was in the wind and rain , and the danger of the extinction of the country could happen at any time . The situation of the crisis stimulated every patriotic humanity to fight more than the country ' s rich and national independence .

Chen ' s love for the motherland has made Chen Ji maintain the interests of the motherland at the same time and strive for the prosperity of the motherland .
In the culture , Chen Qiong recognized the backwardness of Chinese traditional culture education , and advocated that cultural education should be able to cultivate the talents needed to meet the needs of social development . In addition , Chen Ji advocated that various ethnic cultures should be peacefully exchanged and fused , and contribute their respective forces for the development of the world civilization ;
In economics , Chen Ji expressed concern about the traditional business model of our country in the late Qing Dynasty . The backwardness of business education mode led to the development of Chinese economy talents . Therefore , he advocated that the Qing government should learn from the West , study the advanced science and technology , business mode , culture education , even political system , so as to develop our country ' s economy and make it prosperous and prosperous ;
On the basis of our country ' s national conditions and international situation , Chen Ji put forward the diplomatic idea of " not very low " . For the sake of patriotism , Chen Ji and foreign powers for the interests of the nation and the nation have not been able to contend with the foreign powers . He has made a certain degree of diplomatic ideas and behaviors , and has reflected the ideas and actions of the exchanges between modern countries .
At the same time , Mr . Chen was also a pacifist and a nationalist . He opposed Western countries ' actions to invade other vulnerable countries through violence . He hoped that there should be mutual peace among the peoples , and that China and the West should abandon the war , eliminate misunderstanding , cooperate with each other , work together , and make use of the achievements of the excellent civilization of each nation and benefit mankind .

On the whole , Chen Ji ' s behavior and thought not only reflect the characteristics of the times , but also go beyond the demands of the times . In other words , it reflects the conflict between the traditional culture and the modern culture , in other words , the confusion after the collision and fusion between Chinese traditional culture and western modern culture .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D829;K252

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本文編號(hào)：1834117