本文選題：門(mén)戶開(kāi)放 + 美國(guó)�。� 參考：《西北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：文章主要分析的是從1899年“門(mén)戶開(kāi)放”照會(huì)的提出至《九國(guó)公約》的簽訂期間，美國(guó)對(duì)華“門(mén)戶開(kāi)放”政策的演變和發(fā)展過(guò)程。 第一章論述美國(guó)威廉麥金萊政府執(zhí)政時(shí)期，在帝國(guó)主義列強(qiáng)意欲瓜分中國(guó)時(shí)，美國(guó)政府基于自身實(shí)力和國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)的發(fā)展，于1899年和1900年兩次向各主要帝國(guó)主義列強(qiáng)發(fā)出“門(mén)戶開(kāi)放”照會(huì)，并最終確立了美國(guó)處理對(duì)華關(guān)系的兩大基本原則，即“機(jī)會(huì)均等”和“保全中國(guó)”。 第二章論述了從“門(mén)戶開(kāi)放”照會(huì)發(fā)表至清帝退位期間，美國(guó)政府對(duì)華“門(mén)戶開(kāi)放”政策的實(shí)施情況。包括西奧多羅斯福和威廉塔夫脫兩屆總統(tǒng)執(zhí)政時(shí)期，，美國(guó)和俄、日兩國(guó)爭(zhēng)奪中國(guó)東北以及威廉塔夫脫總統(tǒng)在華實(shí)行“金元外交”的情況。分析美國(guó)在實(shí)施對(duì)華“門(mén)戶開(kāi)放”政策時(shí)受到的制約因素。 第三章論述在伍德羅威爾遜總統(tǒng)執(zhí)政時(shí)期，日本侵華步伐加速欲獨(dú)霸中國(guó)。美日之間關(guān)于“門(mén)戶開(kāi)放”與“特殊利益”之間的矛盾凸顯，以及威爾遜總統(tǒng)利用“理想主義”的外交手段應(yīng)對(duì)日本對(duì)美國(guó)“門(mén)戶開(kāi)放”政策的全面挑戰(zhàn)，但在現(xiàn)實(shí)面前，威爾遜的“理想”被擊得粉碎。 第四章論述華盛頓會(huì)議期間，美國(guó)“門(mén)戶開(kāi)放”原則得到了國(guó)際認(rèn)同。一戰(zhàn)后，由于美日在遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)的矛盾加劇，美國(guó)在華盛頓會(huì)議上利用國(guó)際條約從政治、軍事等方面遏制日本。通過(guò)與會(huì)各國(guó)簽署《九國(guó)公約》，使“門(mén)戶開(kāi)放”原則為列強(qiáng)承認(rèn)和接受。“門(mén)戶開(kāi)放”政策的實(shí)施達(dá)到了巔峰。
[Abstract]:The article mainly analyzes the evolution and development of the "open door" policy of the United States to China during the period from the presentation of the "Open door" note in 1899 to the signing of the "Convention of Nine". The first chapter discusses the development of the American government based on its own strength and the situation at home and abroad during the period of William McKinley's administration, when the imperialist powers intended to carve up China. In 1899 and 1900, two notes of "open doors" were sent to the major imperialist powers, and the two basic principles of American relations with China, namely, "equal opportunity" and "preservation of China", were finally established. The second chapter discusses the implementation of the "open door" policy of the US government to China during the period from the publication of the "Open door" note to the abdication of Qing Emperor. Including the two presidents of Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft, the United States, Russia and Japan fought for the northeast of China, and President William Taft carried out "gold and yuan diplomacy" in China. This paper analyzes the restrictive factors that the United States faces when it implements the "open door" policy to China. The third chapter discusses that in the period of President Woodrow Wilson, the pace of Japanese aggression against China accelerated to dominate China. The contradiction between the United States and Japan about the "open door" and "special interests" and President Wilson's use of "idealistic" diplomatic means to deal with the overall challenge of Japan's "open door" policy to the United States are highlighted, but in the face of reality, Wilson's ideal was shattered. The fourth chapter states that during the Washington Conference, the "open door" principle of the United States gained international recognition. After World War I, due to the intensification of conflicts between the United States and Japan in the far East, the United States used international treaties in Washington to contain Japan politically and militarily. Through the signing of the Nine-Nation Convention by participating countries, the principle of "open door" was recognized and accepted by the great powers. The implementation of the open door policy reached its peak.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D871.2

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