本文選題：美國(guó) + 霸權(quán)��； 參考：《四川外國(guó)語大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：從理論上講,霸權(quán)國(guó)對(duì)特定地區(qū)一體化實(shí)踐的政策立場(chǎng)主要有支持、反對(duì)和中立三種,反映在具體的行動(dòng)上則表現(xiàn)出介入和不介入兩種方式。支持或反對(duì)的力度越強(qiáng)則介入越深,中立表現(xiàn)為不介入。至于霸權(quán)國(guó)具體采取何種政策立場(chǎng)則取決于霸權(quán)國(guó)與某個(gè)地區(qū)整體實(shí)力的對(duì)比、霸權(quán)國(guó)與地區(qū)一體化主導(dǎo)國(guó)的關(guān)系、以及霸權(quán)國(guó)是否存在被該地區(qū)邊緣化的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等三大因素。其中,第三個(gè)因素是最直接的影響因子。也就是說,當(dāng)霸權(quán)國(guó)感到自身被某個(gè)地區(qū)邊緣化的現(xiàn)實(shí)或潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí),無論其是否具備國(guó)力優(yōu)勢(shì),抑或與主導(dǎo)國(guó)的關(guān)系親疏,霸權(quán)國(guó)都將對(duì)該地區(qū)的一體化進(jìn)程持反對(duì)立場(chǎng)。而在不存在上述風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的情況下,霸權(quán)國(guó)則可能采取支持或中立的立場(chǎng)。這又取決于霸權(quán)國(guó)國(guó)力優(yōu)勢(shì)或劣勢(shì)以及霸權(quán)國(guó)與地區(qū)主導(dǎo)國(guó)之間的關(guān)系狀態(tài)。美國(guó)對(duì)東亞一體化不同政策立場(chǎng)的表現(xiàn)反映出了美國(guó)與東亞國(guó)家霸權(quán)與反霸權(quán)的博弈,其根本原因在于護(hù)持美國(guó)在東亞地區(qū)的霸權(quán)利益。在以東亞經(jīng)濟(jì)集團(tuán)為構(gòu)想的東亞一體化的前奏階段(1990—1996年),由于東亞經(jīng)濟(jì)集團(tuán)所具有的明顯排美性促使美國(guó)強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)東亞的內(nèi)向型合作,美國(guó)通過加強(qiáng)對(duì)亞太經(jīng)合組織的主導(dǎo)和控制的方式介入東亞一體化。在以“10+3”合作機(jī)制為軸心的東亞一體化的起步階段(1997—2008年),在開放的地區(qū)主義原則下承認(rèn)美國(guó)在該地區(qū)的重要性,進(jìn)而避免了美國(guó)被該地區(qū)邊緣化的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),此外美國(guó)在東亞地區(qū)的國(guó)力優(yōu)勢(shì)使美國(guó)與地區(qū)主導(dǎo)國(guó)繼續(xù)保持著有利于美國(guó)的非對(duì)等關(guān)系,所以美國(guó)對(duì)這一時(shí)期的東亞一體化采取了比較模糊政策立場(chǎng)。在東亞一體化的深化階段(2009—至今),東亞國(guó)家將“東亞共同體”確立為地區(qū)合作的目標(biāo),該地區(qū)仍然奉行開放的地區(qū)主義原則,這一時(shí)期美國(guó)與東亞整體實(shí)力的對(duì)比有利于后者,美國(guó)與地區(qū)主導(dǎo)國(guó)關(guān)系朝著愈加對(duì)等的方向發(fā)展。但由于對(duì)東亞共同體概念的不同理解,美國(guó)對(duì)“10+3”、“10+6”、“10+8”模式下的東亞共同體采取了不同的政策立場(chǎng)�？偟膩碚f,美國(guó)對(duì)將美國(guó)排除在外的東亞共同體持反對(duì)立場(chǎng),對(duì)將美國(guó)包括在內(nèi)的東亞共同體則可能采取支持的立場(chǎng)。
[Abstract]:Theoretically speaking, hegemonic countries mainly support the policy position of the practice of regional integration, oppose and neutral, reflected in the concrete actions show two ways of intervention and non-intervention. The stronger the support or opposition, the more deeply involved, neutral performance is non-intervention. What kind of policy position the hegemonic state takes depends on the comparison between the hegemonic power and the regional overall strength, the relationship between the hegemonic state and the leading country of regional integration, and whether the hegemonic country has the risk of being marginalized by the region. The third factor is the most direct factor. That is to say, when hegemonic countries feel the reality or potential risk of being marginalized by a certain region, no matter whether they have the advantage of national strength or not, or whether they are close to the leading countries, the hegemonic countries will take a stand against the integration process of the region. In the absence of such risks, hegemonic powers may take a supportive or neutral stance. This depends on the strengths or weaknesses of hegemonic powers and the relationship between hegemonic and regional leading powers. The expression of different policy positions of the United States on East Asian integration reflects the game between the United States and the East Asian countries' hegemony and anti-hegemony power, and the fundamental reason is to protect the hegemonic interests of the United States in the East Asian region. In the prelude to East Asian integration conceived by the East Asian Economic Group (EEA), the United States strongly opposed the introverted cooperation in East Asia because of the obvious attraction of the East Asian Economic Group. The United States is involved in East Asian integration by strengthening its leadership and control over APEC. In the initial stage of East Asian integration, based on the "103" mechanism of cooperation, in 1997-2008, the importance of the United States in the region was recognized under the principle of open regionalism, thereby avoiding the risk of the marginalization of the United States in the region, In addition, the advantage of the United States in East Asia makes the United States and regional leading countries continue to maintain a non-reciprocal relationship in favor of the United States, so the United States has taken a rather vague policy position on East Asian integration in this period. In the deepening stage of East Asian integration, East Asian countries established "East Asian Community" as the goal of regional cooperation, and the region still adheres to the principle of open regionalism. In this period, the comparison of the overall strength between the United States and East Asia was beneficial to the latter, and the relationship between the United States and the leading countries in the region developed in the direction of more equality. However, due to the different understanding of the concept of East Asian Community, the United States has adopted different policy positions on the East Asian Community under the model of "103", "106" and "108". Overall, the United States is opposed to the East Asian Community, which excludes the United States, while the East Asian Community, which includes the United States, may take a supportive position.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川外國(guó)語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2;D831

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