本文選題：索馬里海盜 + 國際應對��； 參考：《國際展望》2014年04期

【摘要】：在2007—2010年期間,索馬里海域海盜活動之頻繁、危害之大為二戰(zhàn)以來所罕見,成為重大的國際政治、經(jīng)濟和安全問題。國際社會在聯(lián)合國框架內(nèi)積極應對,多國海軍部署索馬里海域護航并聯(lián)手打擊海盜,數(shù)國法院對海盜嚴審重判,反海盜行動取得了階段性成效。但此類舉措的效果是短期性的,其最大成效是將索馬里海域的海盜活動降低到與世界上其他繁忙海域相當?shù)乃�。目�?索馬里海盜或潛伏待機或轉(zhuǎn)移活動海域,反海盜努力依然任重道遠。其面臨的現(xiàn)實困境是由于相關領域國際法規(guī)則的缺陷及實施機制的缺失,大量被捕的索馬里海盜未經(jīng)審判即予以釋放,未得到相應的懲罰,也使國際社會的努力應對效果大打折扣。要形成打擊海盜的長效機制,國際社會需由目前的被動應對轉(zhuǎn)為主動治理,短期內(nèi)基于現(xiàn)有的國際法律框架和國際合作機制遏制索馬里海盜的活動,中長期則應通過綜合聯(lián)合國《海洋法公約》和《制止危及海上航行安全非法行為公約》的各自優(yōu)勢,制定新的打擊海盜的專門性國際公約,從海盜罪界定、司法管轄、刑事定罪、審判制度、調(diào)查取證等方面完善現(xiàn)有機制并形成完善的海盜治理機制,從而實現(xiàn)對索馬里海盜和更為一般的海盜問題的標本兼治。
[Abstract]:During the 2007-2010 period, piracy off the coast of Somalia became a major international political, economic and security issue, with a great deal of damage rarely seen since World War II.The international community has responded positively within the framework of the United Nations. The navies of a number of countries have deployed escorts off the coast of Somalia and joined hands to fight against pirates. The courts of several countries have severely sentenced pirates, and anti-piracy operations have achieved periodic results.But the effect of such measures is short-term, with the greatest effect being to reduce piracy off the coast of Somalia to levels comparable to those in other busy parts of the world.At present, Somali pirates or latent standby or transfer of activities in the sea, anti-piracy efforts still have a long way to go.The realistic dilemma it faces is that, owing to the shortcomings of the rules of international law and the lack of mechanisms for its implementation in the relevant fields, a large number of Somali pirates who have been arrested have been released without trial and have not been punished accordingly,Also make the international community's efforts to deal with the effectiveness of a big discount.In order to form a long-term mechanism to combat piracy, the international community needs to move from the current reactive response to active governance, in the short term, based on the existing international legal framework and international cooperation mechanisms to curb the activities of Somali pirates.In the medium and long term, through the integration of the respective advantages of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, a new specialized international convention on combating piracy should be developed from the definition of the crime of piracy and jurisdiction,Criminal conviction, trial system, investigation and evidence collection and so on, improve the existing mechanism and form a perfect pirate governance mechanism, so as to achieve the cure of Somali piracy and the piracy problem more generally.
【作者單位】： 上海國際問題研究院信息研究所;《國際展望》編輯部;
【分類號】：D815

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