本文選題：冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束　切入點(diǎn)：東北亞地區(qū)安全　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：90年代初蘇聯(lián)解體，宣告冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束，美蘇兩極格局瓦解，世界形勢大為轉(zhuǎn)變，進(jìn)入“除舊革新”的過渡時期。此時的東北亞地區(qū)形勢也有了歷史性的變化，總體環(huán)境趨于緩和。地區(qū)各國都希望借此時機(jī)同周邊國家改善關(guān)系。而這一時期的朝鮮在對外政策上持續(xù)保守，一度“閉關(guān)鎖國”。冷戰(zhàn)前的朝鮮在國家對外關(guān)系上一直僅限于“社會主義陣營”當(dāng)中，主要靠中蘇兩大國的幫助維護(hù)自己的國家安全，而后蘇聯(lián)解體，打破這一局面，加上90年代中期，朝鮮遭受了嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害，國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境已面臨崩潰，國民生活苦不堪言，朝鮮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人考慮如何在此時的新形勢下維護(hù)自身國家安全，并且擺脫此時所處的被外部環(huán)境拋棄的局面，故而積極的轉(zhuǎn)換對外政策，謀求改善同周邊各國的雙邊關(guān)系。在同傳統(tǒng)友好國家保持良好關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上，朝鮮十分重視改善與日本之間的關(guān)系，以實現(xiàn)日朝關(guān)系正常化來獲得日本的經(jīng)濟(jì)賠償及資金援助。日本方面，如若實現(xiàn)了兩國邦交正�；瘜ζ渥陨韲依嬉灿兄匾饬x。從地緣政治分析，日本四面環(huán)海，作為島國，資源匱乏，，安全環(huán)境異常脆弱，日本同東北亞其他各國均有領(lǐng)土爭端，歷史遺留問題頑固存在，使雙邊關(guān)系緊張而敏感，而朝鮮又不斷的進(jìn)行核試驗，導(dǎo)彈試射，使日本深切感受到國家安全不斷受到外界的威脅。朝美和朝韓關(guān)系也隨著冷戰(zhàn)后的東北亞局勢得到緩解，如果日本再不認(rèn)識到同朝鮮邦交正常化的重要性，就會使自己逐漸喪失在朝鮮半島問題的發(fā)言權(quán)，削弱其影響力。故而，日朝兩國邦交正�；膶崿F(xiàn)都是彼此國家戰(zhàn)略中重要組成部分，是一種相互“需要”。 從1991年開始直到現(xiàn)在的兩國邦交化會談，進(jìn)行了十幾輪，兩國關(guān)系始終沒有進(jìn)展，在某些方面爭論不休，相持不下，使兩國關(guān)系不斷的陷入“惡性循環(huán)”。究其原因，在歷史，安保等方面的障礙難解。日本對于朝鮮不顧國際制裁，不斷的開發(fā)核武器，試射導(dǎo)彈的行動上，頭痛不已，日本國家安全屢遭威脅，故而不斷的加強(qiáng)日美同盟，提高自己的軍事能力。日朝關(guān)系的改善同美韓兩國有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系，使得日本在對朝關(guān)系上無法掌握主動權(quán)。隨后“綁架問題”的出現(xiàn)，使日本國內(nèi)媒體輿論對朝鮮進(jìn)行了一面倒的“妖魔化”，使國內(nèi)民眾對于日本開展對朝雙邊關(guān)系態(tài)度并不積極，邦交正常化談判難以良性的進(jìn)行。朝鮮方面始終要求日本必須要認(rèn)清曾經(jīng)的侵略歷史，做出必要的道歉與賠償，否則其他問題無法進(jìn)行商談。日朝兩國在解決邦交談判之路上的解決路徑也完全迥異，多次的談判及會議中，兩國都始終堅持自己的立場，這就給兩國邦交正常化談判的實現(xiàn)不斷的設(shè)置障礙。日朝雙邊關(guān)系的正常化之路“步履維艱”，但也不排除在未來新時期，新的國際環(huán)境下，兩國會在某些阻礙因素方面相互讓步，出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)，進(jìn)而加快兩國邦交正�；牟椒�。
[Abstract]:In the early 1990s, the Soviet Union broke up, declared the end of the Cold War, the bipolar pattern of the United States and the Soviet Union collapsed, and the world situation changed greatly, and entered a transitional period of "innovation without the old".At this time, the situation in Northeast Asia also has historical changes, the overall environment tends to ease.All countries in the region hope to take this opportunity to improve relations with neighboring countries.During this period, North Korea remained conservative in its foreign policy and was once closed to the outside world.Before the Cold War, North Korea was always confined to the "socialist camp" in its foreign relations, relying mainly on the help of China and the Soviet Union to safeguard its national security. Then the Soviet Union broke up, breaking this situation, plus in the mid-1990s.North Korea has suffered serious natural disasters, the domestic economic environment has been faced with collapse, and the national life is in dire straits. North Korean leaders are considering how to safeguard their national security under the new situation at this time.And get rid of the situation abandoned by the external environment, and actively change foreign policy, and seek to improve bilateral relations with neighboring countries.On the basis of maintaining good relations with traditional friendly countries, the DPRK attaches great importance to improving its relations with Japan in order to normalize Japan-DPRK relations in order to obtain Japan's economic compensation and financial assistance.For Japan's part, normalization of diplomatic relations is also important for its own national interests.From the geopolitical analysis, Japan is surrounded by the sea on all sides, as an island country, with scarce resources and extremely fragile security environment, Japan has territorial disputes with other countries in Northeast Asia, and problems left over by history persist, making bilateral relations tense and sensitive.North Korea also conducted nuclear tests and missile tests, which made Japan feel the constant threat to its national security.DPRK-US and DPRK-ROK relations have also eased along with the situation in Northeast Asia after the Cold War. If Japan fails to realize the importance of normalization of diplomatic relations with the DPRK, it will gradually lose its voice in the Korean Peninsula issue and weaken its influence.Therefore, the normalization of diplomatic relations between Japan and North Korea is an important part of each other's national strategy and a mutual "need".Since 1991 until now, the two countries have had more than a dozen rounds of state-to-state talks. The relations between the two countries have never made any progress. In some areas, the two countries have been at loggerheads and have been locked in a "vicious circle".The reason is that the obstacles in history, security and so on are difficult to understand.Despite international sanctions, Japan has continued to develop nuclear weapons and test missiles in spite of international sanctions. Japan's national security has been repeatedly threatened, so it has constantly strengthened its alliance with the United States and enhanced its own military capability.The improvement of Japan-DPRK relations with the United States and South Korea is inextricably linked, leaving Japan unable to take the initiative in its relations with the DPRK.Subsequently, the emergence of the "abduction issue" made the Japanese domestic media public opinion "demonize" the DPRK on one side, and the domestic people were not positive about Japan's bilateral relations with the DPRK, and the negotiations on normalization of diplomatic relations were difficult to carry out in a benign way.North Korea has always demanded that Japan recognize its history of aggression and make the necessary apologies and reparations, otherwise no other issue can be negotiated.The path of settlement of diplomatic negotiations between Japan and North Korea is completely different. In many negotiations and meetings, the two countries have always maintained their own stand, which has constantly put obstacles to the realization of the normalization negotiations between the two countries.The road to normalization of Japan-DPRK bilateral relations is "difficult", but it is also not ruled out that in the new period in the future, under the new international environment, the two countries have made mutual concessions in some aspects of hindrance, making a turn for the better, thus speeding up the pace of normalization of diplomatic relations between the two countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D831.3;D831.2

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