后薩達(dá)姆時(shí)代美國(guó)對(duì)伊政策研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-03-31 12:09
本文選題:美國(guó) 切入點(diǎn):伊拉克 出處:《華東師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文
【摘要】: 2003年5月1日,“自由伊拉克行動(dòng)”結(jié)束后,美國(guó)總統(tǒng)布什宣布了伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)主要軍事行動(dòng)的結(jié)束,伊拉克進(jìn)入了后薩達(dá)姆時(shí)代。繼戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后,伊拉克國(guó)內(nèi)局勢(shì)動(dòng)蕩,恐怖主義活動(dòng)和起義叛亂持續(xù)不斷,引起國(guó)際社會(huì)的高度關(guān)注。后薩達(dá)姆時(shí)代的伊拉克,政治形勢(shì)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,形成了什葉派、庫(kù)爾德人以及遜尼派三大政治勢(shì)力。較之薩達(dá)姆統(tǒng)治時(shí)期,什葉派和庫(kù)爾德人的政治地位得到了提高,而遜尼派則幾乎被“邊緣化”。 后薩達(dá)姆時(shí)代美國(guó)的對(duì)伊政策從來(lái)不是一成不變的。其對(duì)伊政策隨著伊拉克境內(nèi)局勢(shì)的轉(zhuǎn)變以及美國(guó)政府的戰(zhàn)略需要,不斷的做出調(diào)整。美國(guó)對(duì)伊政策的動(dòng)機(jī)不僅僅是為了進(jìn)行中東地區(qū)的民主改造計(jì)劃,在本質(zhì)上也是為了能夠最大程度地維護(hù)美國(guó)的安全戰(zhàn)略利益。 后薩達(dá)姆時(shí)代,美國(guó)的對(duì)伊政策取得了一些進(jìn)展。伊拉克國(guó)內(nèi)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化都有所發(fā)展,但是,伊拉克目前的居室局勢(shì)仍然危機(jī)四伏,恐怖爆炸活動(dòng)仍然時(shí)有發(fā)生,伊拉克的未來(lái)依然存在著許多變數(shù),前途依然不容樂(lè)觀。概括的來(lái)說(shuō),后薩達(dá)姆時(shí)代美國(guó)對(duì)伊政策實(shí)施的困境主要包含以下四點(diǎn):首先,聯(lián)軍臨時(shí)權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)自身就存在著許多政策失誤;其次,戰(zhàn)后的伊拉克局勢(shì)極為混亂,而且部分伊拉克人民對(duì)美國(guó)政府持?jǐn)骋晳B(tài)度并不支持美國(guó)所主導(dǎo)的民主;再次,伊拉克缺乏民主的文化傳統(tǒng),伊拉克伊斯蘭教文化傳統(tǒng)根深蒂固而且國(guó)家認(rèn)同意識(shí)淡;最后,中東地區(qū)的政治文化環(huán)境錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜。 伊拉克戰(zhàn)后重建工作,不可能一蹴而就,今后的重建歷程還任重而道遠(yuǎn)。今后,美國(guó)無(wú)論是任何政黨在行政和立法中戰(zhàn)局主要地位,都無(wú)法完全擺脫美國(guó)所要承擔(dān)的伊拉克經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治,軍事重建的使命。
[Abstract]:On May 1, 2003, after the end of "Operation Free Iraq," US President Bush announced the end of the major military operations in the Iraq War, and Iraq entered the post-Saddam era. After the end of the war, the internal situation in Iraq was turbulent. Terrorist activities and insurgent uprisings have continued, which has aroused the high attention of the international community. In post-Saddam era Iraq, the political situation is complicated and Shia has been formed. The three major political forces of Kurds and Sunnis. Shiite and Kurdish political status has improved compared with Saddam Hussein's rule, while Sunnis have almost been "marginalized." In the post-Saddam era, the United States' policy towards Iraq has never been static. Its policy towards Iraq has changed with the situation in Iraq and the strategic needs of the US government. The motivation of American policy toward Iraq is not only to carry out the democratic reform plan in the Middle East, but also to maximize the security strategic interests of the United States. In the post-Saddam era, the US policy towards Iraq has made some progress. Iraq's domestic politics, economy and culture have developed somewhat. However, the present situation in Iraq is still in danger, and terrorist bombings still occur from time to time. There are still many variables in Iraq's future, and the future is still not optimistic. To sum up, the plight of the post-Saddam era US policy towards Iraq mainly includes the following four points: first, The Coalition Provisional Authority itself has made many policy mistakes; secondly, the post-war situation in Iraq is extremely chaotic, and some Iraqi people are hostile to the United States Government and do not support US-led democracy; and again, Iraq lacks the democratic cultural tradition, the Islamic cultural tradition of Iraq is deeply rooted and the national identity consciousness is weak; finally, the political and cultural environment in the Middle East is complicated. The reconstruction of Iraq after the war cannot be accomplished overnight. The course of reconstruction in the future will have a long way to go. In the future, no matter any political party in the United States will play a major role in the war in the executive and legislative branches, Can't completely get rid of the Iraqi economic, political, military reconstruction mission that the United States must undertake.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2010
【分類號(hào)】:D871.2
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