本文選題：泰國(guó)　切入點(diǎn)：老撾　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的崛起以及在國(guó)際上快速增長(zhǎng)的實(shí)力，對(duì)華外交政策的關(guān)注開(kāi)始成為中國(guó)鄰近國(guó)家外交政策的焦點(diǎn)。本文以查爾斯·歐·理查同阿卜杜拉A·薩德的國(guó)家利益觀點(diǎn)、杰姆斯·N羅薩的聯(lián)接政治理論為分析框架，研究自1973年以來(lái)泰國(guó)、自1986年以來(lái)老撾的對(duì)華政策，兩國(guó)對(duì)華政策的優(yōu)勢(shì)之處，以及在后冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)代政策的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。本文假定泰國(guó)和老撾的國(guó)家利益包括經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治以及外部的因素，特別是全球和地區(qū)的國(guó)際環(huán)境，這些因素影響了兩國(guó)對(duì)華外交政策的變化。 泰國(guó)和老撾的國(guó)家利益；政府的合法性安全；經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和價(jià)值觀念的維持都是關(guān)系兩國(guó)調(diào)整對(duì)華政策的關(guān)鍵因素。由于政治和安全利益的需要，兩國(guó)都把中國(guó)作為友好、值得信賴(lài)的鄰居和伙伴。當(dāng)然也有外部因素的影響,與泰國(guó)相比，外部因素對(duì)老撾外交政策變化的作用顯著，這正好印證了聯(lián)接政治理論的假設(shè)。 本文發(fā)現(xiàn)在1973年隨著國(guó)際環(huán)境的變化和泰國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人轉(zhuǎn)變對(duì)中國(guó)的看法使泰國(guó)對(duì)華的政策發(fā)生了變化。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的觀念不再關(guān)注軍隊(duì)，而是謀求泰國(guó)在國(guó)際政治中的地位。同樣地，在后冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)代，老撾對(duì)華外交政策的改變也是國(guó)際環(huán)境轉(zhuǎn)換及1986年提出“新思考”的結(jié)果。這一政策是在越南和蘇聯(lián)對(duì)老撾的影響力減弱之后，老撾欲打開(kāi)國(guó)門(mén)同鄰國(guó)開(kāi)展合作而制定的。因此,內(nèi)部和外部因素都影響了兩國(guó)外交政策的變化,但兩國(guó)政策變化的差別是內(nèi)在因素的作用。在1973年,泰國(guó)的內(nèi)部因素在對(duì)外政策制定上發(fā)揮更大的影響作用。同時(shí)在20世紀(jì)80年代早期，相較于穩(wěn)定的內(nèi)部因素，老撾的外部因素更多的影響到了外交政策的制定。 本文認(rèn)為,與泰國(guó)相比,外部因素對(duì)老撾的對(duì)外政策變化影響更大,例如,在柬埔寨問(wèn)題解決后，國(guó)際環(huán)境發(fā)生了變化，對(duì)老撾進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的東歐共產(chǎn)主義國(guó)家的垮臺(tái)使老撾需要找到新的經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴。中國(guó)是其最大的鄰國(guó)，中、俄關(guān)系已恢復(fù)正常，中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展能夠使老撾的經(jīng)濟(jì)獲益。老撾視中國(guó)為可以代替原合作伙伴的最重要的援助者。此外，在冷戰(zhàn)末期中國(guó)和越南也影響到老撾的對(duì)外政策制定。因此，對(duì)于老撾的對(duì)外政策變化研究，正適合用此理論框架進(jìn)行解釋,尤其是聯(lián)接政治理論。 與老撾的事例相比，泰國(guó)內(nèi)部因素對(duì)外交政策變化的影響大于外部因素的作用。適逢國(guó)內(nèi)政治力量由軍人集團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)向平民集團(tuán)，在1973年10月14日人民起義之后,平民和中產(chǎn)階級(jí)在政治上發(fā)揮越來(lái)越大的作用,泰國(guó)需要擴(kuò)大同鄰國(guó)的貿(mào)易和市場(chǎng)。 與此同時(shí),在1986年老撾外交政策的轉(zhuǎn)變當(dāng)中，外部因素則發(fā)揮更大的作用。與老撾相比，自越南干涉柬埔寨以來(lái)，外部因素的作用在越南呈下降的趨勢(shì)。在20世紀(jì)80年代，外部因素表現(xiàn)為在世界超級(jí)大國(guó)之間建立了相互的發(fā)展關(guān)系,包括蘇中、蘇美、美中關(guān)系以及蘇聯(lián)權(quán)力的衰弱。 兩國(guó)對(duì)比來(lái)看,老撾內(nèi)部因素對(duì)政策制定的影響比泰國(guó)小。首先在于老撾社會(huì)主義意識(shí)形態(tài)、一黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的政治制度，使國(guó)內(nèi)更加穩(wěn)定；其次是越南和蘇聯(lián)非殖民化與國(guó)家發(fā)展的對(duì)外政策的示范作用。然而在泰國(guó),因?yàn)樘﹪?guó)政變與“民主”的政治體制的原因，國(guó)內(nèi)不如老撾穩(wěn)定。由于政治制度的關(guān)系，老撾的外交政策有更多連續(xù)性。對(duì)老撾來(lái)說(shuō)，自從蘇聯(lián)成為社會(huì)主義陣營(yíng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)并對(duì)老撾提供經(jīng)濟(jì)援助后，蘇聯(lián)對(duì)老撾的外交政策變化起到重要的作用。在20世紀(jì)80年代末蘇聯(lián)的解體使老撾尋求能夠替代的國(guó)家。老撾視中國(guó)為最重要的國(guó)家,它一方面可以代替蘇聯(lián)支持老撾的經(jīng)濟(jì)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，另一方面能夠保障建立雙邊關(guān)系之后的安全問(wèn)題。 此外，在這兩種案例中都面臨權(quán)力真空問(wèn)題,在20世紀(jì)70年代早期,美國(guó)減弱了在東南亞大陸的影響力，在20世紀(jì)80年代末越南對(duì)老撾的外交政策施加影響,這些權(quán)力的變化使兩個(gè)小國(guó)處于被孤立的冒險(xiǎn)境地,從而使領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人改變了他們對(duì)中國(guó)作為友好和樂(lè)于助人的地區(qū)大國(guó)的觀念。 兩國(guó)對(duì)華外交政策進(jìn)行了有效的調(diào)整，兩國(guó)在同中國(guó)和平共處的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步發(fā)展互利合作的雙邊關(guān)系,甚至走深化合作的道路。我的論文將分為三部分來(lái)闡述：分別是引言、內(nèi)容和結(jié)語(yǔ)。 第一部分引言 本部分將闡釋在分析案例中使用的理論框架，并對(duì)涉及到泰國(guó)和老撾的外交政策、中國(guó)在東南亞大陸國(guó)家外交影響力的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料進(jìn)行綜合述評(píng)。本章也介紹了論文的研究目的，并將對(duì)泰國(guó)和老撾的外交政策研究的結(jié)果擬分為三個(gè)章節(jié)進(jìn)行闡釋。 第一章中泰、中老關(guān)系的歷史回顧 這一章闡述對(duì)比泰國(guó)和老撾外交政策的重要性。兩國(guó)在不同的意識(shí)形態(tài)和外交政策影響下，與中國(guó)的外交關(guān)系將會(huì)有不同的特點(diǎn)。本章通過(guò)對(duì)歷史因素的探討，闡述了過(guò)去的對(duì)外政策對(duì)同期及未來(lái)的外交政策的影響。在論文中，我將介紹兩國(guó)在特殊歷史時(shí)期，決策者是如何形成他們對(duì)中國(guó)的觀念的。 第二章影響政策變化的內(nèi)部和外部因素 這一章闡述了本文的主要觀點(diǎn)即通過(guò)對(duì)泰國(guó)、老撾兩國(guó)情況的客觀比較，包括對(duì)內(nèi)、外因素的分析，得出國(guó)家利益在兩國(guó)對(duì)華的政策變化中起決定作用。這一章除闡釋國(guó)家利益成為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和保持政府在國(guó)內(nèi)權(quán)力的影響因素之外，也探討了外部環(huán)境變化的影響作用。 第三章政策變化的結(jié)果 這一章闡述了政策變化的結(jié)果，泰國(guó)和老撾把與中國(guó)關(guān)系正�；恼{(diào)整看作是小國(guó)為了在國(guó)際政治中生存的正確選擇。本文認(rèn)為，泰國(guó)和老撾除了文化和信仰相同之外，其他方面很少有共同點(diǎn)，但當(dāng)兩國(guó)面臨同樣的國(guó)內(nèi)政治困境和外部環(huán)境的變化時(shí)，他們都意識(shí)到與中國(guó)的關(guān)系正�；瘜�(huì)是利大于弊。通過(guò)加強(qiáng)與中國(guó)的合作，，泰國(guó)和老撾已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了他們的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:With the rise of Chinese economy and the strength of the rapid growth in the world, China's foreign policy began to become the focus of attention Chinese neighboring countries foreign policy. The Charles O. Richard view with national interests Saad Abdullah A, James N and Rosa political connection theory as analysis framework, research of Thailand since 1973. Since 1986, the Laos China policy, the policy advantages, and in the post Cold War era policy of further development. This paper assumes that the national interests of Thailand and Laos, including economic, political and external factors, especially the global and regional environment, these factors affect the change of China's foreign policy towards China.
Thailand and Laos national interests; the legitimacy of the security of the government; to maintain economic development and values are the key factors to adjust the relations between the two countries policy toward China. Due to the political and security interests, both China as friendly, trustworthy neighbors and partners. But there are external factors, and Thailand compared with the change of external factors on Laos foreign policy effect, this confirms the connection of political theory hypothesis.
We found that in 1973 with the changes of international environment and the change of opinion leaders in Thailand Chinese make Thailand China's policy change. The concept of leaders pay no attention to the army, but for the status of Thailand in international politics. Similarly, in the post Cold War era, Laos's foreign policy towards China is also changing international environment transformation and put forward in 1986 the "new thinking". This policy is weakened after the Vietnam and the Soviet influence in Laos, Laos to open cooperation with neighboring countries and developed. Therefore, the internal and external factors that influence the change of diplomatic policy, but the policy change difference is the role of internal factors in 1973. The internal factors of Thailand play a bigger role in foreign policy making. At the same time in the early 1980s, compared to the stability of the internal factors, external Laos The factors have more influence on the formulation of foreign policy.
This paper argues that, compared with Thailand, the external factors of foreign policy changes to Laos is a greater impact, for example, to solve the problem in Kampuchea, changes in the international environment, the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe countries economic aid to Laos to Laos to find new economic partners. China is its biggest neighbors, Russia the relationship has been restored to normal, Chinese economic development can make its economic benefit. Chinese regarded Laos instead of the original partner to be the most important aid. In addition, at the end of the cold war Chinese and Vietnam also affect the foreign policy formulation of Laos. Therefore, for the study of foreign policy changes in Laos, is suitable for the explanation this theoretical framework, especially the connection of political theory.
Compared with the case of Thailand Laos, effects of internal factors on foreign policy change is greater than the influence of external factors. As domestic political forces by the military to the civilian group group, after the October 14, 1973 uprising, civilians and the middle class will play a more important role in politics, Thailand needs to expand the market and trade with neighboring countries.
At the same time, changes in 1986 Laos Foreign Policy, while the external factors play a greater role. Compared with Laos, Vietnam since the intervention in Kampuchea, the role of external factors showed a downward trend in Vietnam. In 1980s, the external factors and the performance of the development of the relationship established between the superpower in the world, including the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union and the United States, the U.S. - China relationship and the Soviet power is weak.
The comparison of effects of internal factors on Laos policy is smaller than Thailand. The first is that the Lao socialist ideology, the leadership of one party political system, the more stable; followed by Vietnam and the Soviet Union of decolonization and the development of the country's foreign policy. However, for demonstration in Thailand because of the coup in Thailand and "democracy" the political system, as the domestic stability. Because of the political system in Laos, Laos has more continuity in foreign policy. In Laos, since the Soviet Union became the leader of the socialist camp and Laos for financial assistance to Laos, Soviet foreign policy changes play an important role. To seek alternative to the country of Laos in the end of 1980s the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Chinese Laos regarded as the most important country, on the one hand it can replace the Soviet Union to support economic and basic facilities in Laos Construction, on the other hand, can guarantee security issues after the establishment of bilateral relations.
In addition, the power vacuum problem confronted in the two case, in the early 1970s, the United States has weakened the influence in mainland Southeast Asia, Vietnam's foreign policy towards Laos influence at the end of 1980s, these changes of power makes the two small countries in the isolated risk situation, so that the leaders change them as friendly and willing to help the idea of regional power Chinese.
The two countries have made effective adjustments to China's foreign policy. Based on the peaceful coexistence with China, the two countries have further developed mutually beneficial bilateral relations and even deepened their cooperation. My thesis will be divided into three parts: introduction, content and conclusion.
Part one introduction
This part will explain theoretical framework used in the analysis in the case, and to involve Thailand and Laos Foreign Policy, China in mainland Southeast Asia countries diplomatic influence the relevant literature comprehensive review. This chapter also introduces the research purpose, and Research on foreign policy of Thailand and Laos, the results to be divided into the three chapter carries on the explanation.
The first chapter of China and Thailand, the historical review of the relationship between China and the old
This chapter describes the comparison of Thailand and Laos. The importance of foreign policy between the two countries in the influence of different ideology and foreign policy, have different characteristics and Chinese diplomatic relations. This chapter will through the discussion on historical factors, explains the influence of the past and future of foreign policy over foreign policy. In the paper, I will introduce the two countries in the special historical period, policymakers is how to form their ideas about the Chinese.
The second chapter affects the internal and external factors of policy change
This chapter expounds the main points of this paper is based on Thailand, Laos objectively compare the situation, including internal and external factors analysis, the national interests play a decisive role in the China policy changes. This chapter in the interpretation of national interests become the economic development and maintaining the government on the impact factors of domestic power besides, it discusses the role of changes in the external environment.
The third chapter the result of the policy change
This chapter describes the policy change results, Thailand and Laos and the normalization of the adjustment of the relationship between China as is a small country in order to select the correct survival in international politics. This paper argues that, in addition to Thailand and Laos, culture and other aspects of the same faith, there is little in common, but when they face the same dilemma of domestic political change and the external environment, they are aware of the relationship between the normal and Chinese will outweigh the costs. By strengthening cooperation with Chinese, Thailand and Laos have achieved their political and economic goals.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D833.6;D833.4

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