本文選題：南海政策　切入點(diǎn)：外交政策　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：南海問(wèn)題目前的復(fù)雜性需要從歷史中尋找經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教益。就目前對(duì)南海問(wèn)題的研究來(lái)看,現(xiàn)有的對(duì)中國(guó)南海政策的研究存在著歷史視野上的不完整,對(duì)影響政策相關(guān)因素的研究仍有待深入。中國(guó)的南海政策指的是中國(guó)為維護(hù)其在南海的島礁主權(quán)及海洋權(quán)益,在經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外環(huán)境的判斷及評(píng)估后,所采取的相應(yīng)決定及行動(dòng)。從整體的角度來(lái)看,國(guó)際環(huán)境、海軍力量和決策層的認(rèn)知是影響中國(guó)南海政策的關(guān)鍵性因素。國(guó)際環(huán)境的變化指的是國(guó)家間權(quán)勢(shì)對(duì)比的消長(zhǎng),這種消長(zhǎng)引起了地區(qū)甚至國(guó)際權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)的震蕩和變動(dòng),主要表現(xiàn)為國(guó)家間關(guān)系的波動(dòng)甚至逆轉(zhuǎn)。影響外交政策的要素可能會(huì)因國(guó)際環(huán)境的變化而重新進(jìn)行排列組合。國(guó)際環(huán)境的變化會(huì)影響到國(guó)家為政策目標(biāo)而進(jìn)行行動(dòng)的自由度和獲取資源用以發(fā)展政策工具的通達(dá)性。艦艇的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量是影響海軍力量這一國(guó)家外交政策工具有效性的重要因素。除此之外,國(guó)際環(huán)境會(huì)影響到海軍力量發(fā)展獲取資源的便捷性,還和同其他國(guó)家�？哲娏α康膶�(duì)比一起決定了軍事力量這一政策手段的使用自由度。此外,海軍力量的發(fā)展與國(guó)家安全的具體需求有密切的聯(lián)系。決策層的認(rèn)知主要表現(xiàn)為對(duì)某一外交問(wèn)題所涉及的具體知識(shí)的掌握,以及根據(jù)此而確定的該問(wèn)題在國(guó)家整體外交議程中的地位安排和相應(yīng)的政策選取方式。知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備水平、信息獲取和傳遞機(jī)制、民族情感和對(duì)政治權(quán)力延續(xù)的考慮是影響決策層認(rèn)知的變量。上述三個(gè)因素的交織與復(fù)合決定了中國(guó)在南海問(wèn)題上的目標(biāo)及行為,某一要素的變化往往會(huì)對(duì)其他要素產(chǎn)生牽動(dòng),這三個(gè)因素的變動(dòng)具有明顯的歷史階段性,使得中國(guó)的南海政策同樣呈現(xiàn)出階段性特點(diǎn)。本文以中國(guó)在南海地區(qū)立足點(diǎn)的拓展過(guò)程為討論線索,對(duì)中國(guó)南海政策及其影響因素的演變進(jìn)行分階段討論。維護(hù)中國(guó)的南海主權(quán)和海洋權(quán)益是中國(guó)南海政策的一貫?zāi)繕?biāo),但某些時(shí)段內(nèi)有關(guān)因素的限制性作用會(huì)影響具體政策手段的選擇。具體而言,除去國(guó)際環(huán)境的影響以外,海軍力量和決策者的認(rèn)知在某些階段限制了中國(guó)南海政策手段的選擇。未來(lái)的南海政策仍舊需要耐心和理性。應(yīng)該以理性的態(tài)度看待國(guó)際社會(huì),并理性使用手中資源,避免那種由于單一因素而導(dǎo)致的視角缺陷和對(duì)國(guó)際問(wèn)題過(guò)分簡(jiǎn)單化的看待模式。
[Abstract]:At present, the complexity of the South China Sea problem needs to seek experience and lessons from history. From the current research on the South China Sea issue, the existing research on China's South China Sea policy is incomplete from the historical perspective. China's South China Sea policy refers to the fact that China, in order to safeguard its sovereignty over islands and reefs and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea, after judging and evaluating the domestic and foreign environment, The corresponding decisions and actions taken. From the overall perspective, the international environment, naval force and the perception of decision-making levels are the key factors influencing China's policy in the South China Sea. The changes in the international environment refer to the rise and fall of the power contrast between countries. This growth and decline has caused regional and even international power structures to shake and change. The factors affecting foreign policy may be rearranged and combined as a result of changes in the international environment. Changes in the international environment may affect the conduct of countries for policy purposes. Freedom of movement and access to resources to develop access to policy instruments. The number and quality of ships are important factors affecting the effectiveness of naval forces as a foreign policy tool of the country. The international environment affects the ease with which naval forces can develop and acquire resources, and together with the comparison of naval and air forces with other countries determines the degree of freedom of use of military forces as a policy tool. The development of naval power is closely related to the specific needs of national security. And the status of the issue in the overall diplomatic agenda of the country and the corresponding policy options, the level of knowledge reserve, the mechanism for obtaining and transmitting information, National emotion and consideration of the continuation of political power are variables that influence the cognition of decision makers. The intertwining and compounding of these three factors determine China's goal and behavior in the South China Sea issue, and changes in one element often affect other factors. The changes of these three factors have obvious historical stages, which make China's policy in the South China Sea also show the characteristics of stages. This paper takes the process of China's foothold in the South China Sea as a clue to discuss. The evolution of China's South China Sea policy and its influencing factors are discussed in stages. Safeguarding China's sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea is the consistent goal of China's South China Sea policy. However, the restrictive effects of relevant factors during certain periods of time may affect the choice of specific policy instruments... in particular, in addition to the effects of the international environment, Naval forces and the cognition of decision makers have at some stage restricted the choice of policy instruments for China's South China Sea. Future policies in the South China Sea still require patience and rationality. The international community should be viewed in a rational manner and the resources at hand should be used rationally. Avoid single-factor visual flaws and simplistic approaches to international issues.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D823

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