本文關鍵詞： 當代中國 外交 理念 發(fā)展 國際體系　出處：《蘭州大學》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：外交理念既是外交實踐的產(chǎn)物,也是外交實踐的指導。外交理念充分體現(xiàn)著一國與他國、一國與世界的外交關系。這種體現(xiàn)反映著主權國家對于國家利益、權力、地位等諸多關系方面的認識與定位,包含著主權國家對其外交動力、外交目的、外交手段等諸多根本問題的深刻思考,同時深刻表征著主權國家的核心價值觀和歷史文化傳統(tǒng)。外交理念規(guī)定了指導國家外交工作的價值原則,影響乃至決定著國家的外交戰(zhàn)略及其政策選擇,對外交謀劃和外交實踐起著極其重要的影響作用。對于我國而言也是如此。以毛澤東、鄧小平等為代表的中國共產(chǎn)黨領導人堅持以馬克思主義為指導,吸取傳統(tǒng)文化的精華,結(jié)合我國社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設的實際需要,在新中國成立60多年的外交實踐中積累、形成并發(fā)展了一系列外交理念,包括"獨立自主"、"和平共處"、"和平發(fā)展"、"和而不同"、"和諧世界"、"互利共贏"和"命運共同體"等,指導著中國外交在捍衛(wèi)國家利益,伸張國家正義,轉(zhuǎn)變外交模式和提高外交能力等方面形成了鮮明的中國特色。從外交理念的視角對中國外交進行系統(tǒng)梳理和研究的文本并不太多,而對于當代中國外交理念發(fā)展的研究有助于我們更好地總結(jié)新中國外交的歷史發(fā)展脈絡,幫助我們在復雜的國際背景下更好地面向中國外交的未來�；诖�,本文運用文本解讀法、歷史分析法和層次分析法等研究當代中國外交理念的發(fā)展。外交理念反映著一國在利益關系方面的價值取向,體現(xiàn)了該國的世界觀、認識論和方法論,而具體的外交理念則主要包括對于世界的認識、對于自身的定位以及對于如何處理與其他國家關系方面的諸多思考。當代中國外交理念發(fā)展的理論依據(jù)包括:一、對時代主題的判斷。即從新中國成立初期的"戰(zhàn)爭與革命"的時代主題判斷轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦母镩_放以來"和平與發(fā)展"時代主題的過程;二是對世界格局的判斷。中國領導人經(jīng)歷了從"兩大陣營"、"三個世界"、"多極化"直到"和諧世界"的轉(zhuǎn)變過程。三是自我認知的判斷。從毛澤東時代強調(diào)"社會主義"到改革開放以來的"社會主義初級階段",中國領導人認為應該充分運用資本主義國家在人類社會發(fā)展的這一特定階段所取得的各種文明成果,實現(xiàn)為社會主義建設服務的目的。外交理念關注一國如何處理好下列幾個方面關系的重要性:一是為人類社會做貢獻與實現(xiàn)和維護本國國家利益的關系。中國主張將自身的發(fā)展同世界的發(fā)展聯(lián)系在一起,各國應該根據(jù)事情本身的是非曲直來決定自己的立場和制定政策。二是大國與發(fā)展中國家的關系問題。提出"大國是關鍵,周邊是首要,發(fā)展中國家是基礎"的中國外交新布局。三是國家外交和黨際交往關系。提出了"獨立自主、完全平等、互相尊重、互不干涉內(nèi)部事務"的加強黨際聯(lián)系和交往的原則。四是原則的堅定性與策略的靈活性之間的關系。提出應該堅持原則的堅定性和策略的靈活性,在實現(xiàn)和維護國家利益的同時,實現(xiàn)各國之間的互利合作。新中國成立以來中國外交形成和發(fā)展了一系列外交理念,特別是以習近平為總書記的新一代中國領導集體在黨的十八大以來,站在時代發(fā)展的高度,提出了一系列對外工作的新理念,包括建立"不沖突、不對抗、相互尊重、合作共贏"的新型大國關系理念,"親、誠、惠、容"的周邊外交理念,打造"絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶"和"21世紀海上絲綢之路"等理念,使中國外交具有了嶄新的形象。當代中國外交理念形成的的思想淵源主要包括馬克思主義國際關系思想和中國傳統(tǒng)文化因素兩個方面。在外交理念變化發(fā)展的原因問題上,本文利用層次分析法,從國際、國內(nèi)兩個方面來綜合加以分析。當代中國外交理念發(fā)展在國際方面的原因是國際戰(zhàn)略格局的變化和中國與國際社會關系的變化。而國內(nèi)方面的原因則包括中國對國家利益的考量和對中國對外開放的實踐進程。外交實踐與外交理念之間相輔相成。在未來的歷史進程中,中國外交必將發(fā)揮更加重要和更富有成效的作用,如國際多極格局與國際體系的構建和鞏固、戰(zhàn)略思維的引領和大國責任的擔當?shù)�。中國將提出何種對外政策,如何處理與外部世界的關系,以及提出何種世界觀、時代觀、利益觀等將會考驗未來的中國外交,檢驗中國外交的勇氣和創(chuàng)造力。外交理念不僅能夠解釋某個特定階段中國實行具體外交政策的原因,而且據(jù)此可以對未來中國外交的發(fā)展予以研判,因為外交理念是融合了某種價值判斷的產(chǎn)物。
[Abstract]:The product concept of practice is diplomatic, and diplomatic practice guidance. Diplomatic concept fully reflects a country with his country, a country with the world's diplomatic relations. This reflects the embodiment of sovereignty for the national interest, power, understanding and positioning status and so on many aspects, including the purpose of sovereignty on its foreign diplomacy dynamic, profound thinking, many fundamental problems such as diplomacy, core value and profoundly characterizes the sovereignty concept and historical and cultural traditions. The diplomatic philosophy stipulates the value principle of national diplomacy, influence and even determines the choice of diplomatic strategy and policies of the state, it plays a very important role in diplomacy and diplomatic planning practice. The same is true for China. With Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping as the representative of the leaders of the Communist Party of China adhere to the Marx doctrine as a guide, absorb traditional culture The essence, combined with the actual needs of the socialist modernization of our country, the accumulation of foreign practice to set up more than 60 years in the new China in the formation and development of a series of diplomatic ideas, including the "independent", "peaceful coexistence", "peace and development", "harmony but not Sameness", "harmonious world", and "win-win" "community of destiny", guiding Chinese diplomacy in safeguarding national interests, uphold national justice, change diplomatic mode and improve diplomatic abilities in stark China characteristics. Not too much text systematically to Chinese and research from the perspective of international diplomacy, and for the study of the development of contemporary China diplomacy help us to better summarize the historical development of new China diplomacy, to help us in the international under the complicated background of foreign Chinese better cater to the future. Based on this, this paper uses text interpretation method, historical analysis The analysis method and the level of development of contemporary law research Chinese diplomatic concept. Diplomatic concept reflects the value orientation in the interests of the country, the country embodies the world outlook, epistemology and methodology, and specific diplomatic ideas mainly include the understanding of the world and for many of their own thinking on how to locate and dealing with other countries relations. A theoretical basis for the development of the modern diplomatic ideas Chinese include: first, on the theme of the times from the new Chinese judgment. At the beginning of the establishment of the "war and revolution" the theme of the times judgment into since the reform and opening up "peace and development" theme of the times; two is to determine the pattern of the world Chinese. Leaders from the experience of "two camps", "Three Worlds", "the transformation process of multi polarization" until the "harmonious world". The three is self cognitive judgment. From the age of Mao Zedong stressed that "socialism" to change The reform and opening of the primary stage of socialism, Chinese leaders should make full use of the capitalist countries made in this particular stage of development of human society and the various cultural achievements, realizing serve socialist construction. The diplomatic idea of concern as a nation where to deal with the relationship between the following aspects: one is the importance of the relationship and contribute to the the human society and realize and safeguard the country's interests. China advocated their own development together with the development of world, countries should be based on its own the right and wrong to determine its position and policy. The two problem is the relation between big countries and developing countries. The "power is the key, surrounding the primary, is the base of developing countries" the new layout of China diplomacy. Three is the relationship between the national diplomacy and inter party exchanges. Put forward the "independent, complete equality, mutual respect, mutual To strengthen inter party relation and communication principle of interference in internal affairs ". The four is the relationship between the firmness and flexibility of tactics of principle. This strategy should adhere to the principle of firmness and flexibility in the implementation and maintenance of national interests, at the same time, to achieve mutually beneficial cooperation between countries. Since the establishment of diplomatic Chinese formation and Chinese the development of a series of diplomatic ideas, especially the general secretary of the new generation of the collective leadership of the party Chinese since eighteen by Xi Jinping, standing in the height of the development of times, put forward a series of new ideas of foreign work, including the establishment of" do not conflict, not confrontation, mutual respect, cooperation and win-win "of the new country the relationship between philosophy," pro, honesty, benefits, "the diplomacy surrounding the concept of building" Silk Road "in twenty-first Century and" maritime Silk Road "economic philosophy, the Chinese diplomacy has a new concept of Contemporary foreign Chinese shape image. A thought origin mainly includes Marx's Thought on international relations and China traditional cultural factors in two aspects. The cause of the problem in the development of diplomatic philosophy, this paper using the AHP method, from two aspects of domestic and international, to comprehensive analysis. The causes of the contemporary development in the aspect of international diplomacy Chinese is the change of international strategy the pattern and Chinese relations with the international community. While the domestic reasons include China of national interest considerations and to open Chinese practice process. Interaction between diplomatic practice and diplomatic philosophy. In the historical process in the future, China diplomacy will play a more important and more productive roles, such as the construction and consolidation international multipolar and international system, strategic thinking and leading the country to assume responsibility. Chinese will propose what kind of foreign policy, how to deal with The relationship between the outside world, and what made the world view, view of the times, the concept of interests will test the future China diplomacy, diplomatic China test of courage and creativity. Diplomatic philosophy can not only explain the reasons for a particular stage of Chinese implementation of specific foreign policy, and this can be judged according to the future development of the Chinese diplomacy, because diplomacy the idea is the combination of a certain value judgment of the product.

【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D820
，

本文編號：1537411