【摘要】：維科與馬克思的思想中存在著許多相似之處,這種相似性并非某種偶然的巧合,而是具有深刻的內(nèi)在邏輯。想要從這些相似性中推導(dǎo)出維科歷史觀對(duì)馬克思?xì)v史哲學(xué)所產(chǎn)生的影響,就必須從其中尋找出最鮮明和最獨(dú)特的地方,然后進(jìn)行分析,在這里有兩點(diǎn)是與眾不同的:那就是維科與馬克思關(guān)于“歷史知識(shí)”以及“階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)”的理解。首先,維科與馬克思都認(rèn)同廣義的歷史知識(shí)才是真正的科學(xué),維科通過(guò)“真理——?jiǎng)?chuàng)造”原則反對(duì)笛卡爾形而上學(xué)對(duì)歷史領(lǐng)域的排斥,而馬克思則是通過(guò)“現(xiàn)實(shí)性”原則對(duì)黑格爾形而上學(xué)以及費(fèi)爾巴哈唯物主義進(jìn)行了雙重?fù)P棄。其次,維科與馬克思都認(rèn)同階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)推動(dòng)歷史發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn),在維科那里,階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)潛藏在詩(shī)歌、神話傳說(shuō)等藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作中,與人類(lèi)文明的發(fā)展史密不可分,而在馬克思那里,維科為他提供了人類(lèi)歷史領(lǐng)域階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)學(xué)說(shuō)的合理前提,同時(shí),馬克思認(rèn)為在自然科學(xué)領(lǐng)域,達(dá)爾文為他做了這方面的工作。當(dāng)我們考察維科歷史觀與馬克思?xì)v史哲學(xué)中的具體聯(lián)系時(shí),還必須將馬克思對(duì)達(dá)爾文的理解對(duì)比起來(lái)。馬克思無(wú)論是從理論的文本上,還是私人信件的闡述中,都將維科與達(dá)爾文置于同等重要的位置,但是他對(duì)兩人卻采取了不同的態(tài)度,對(duì)于前者,馬克思鮮少提及卻對(duì)其理論了如指掌、熟練運(yùn)用,對(duì)于后者,馬克思雖然與他人反復(fù)討論,卻只作出簡(jiǎn)略闡述。通過(guò)考察這種對(duì)比,我們可以肯定維科對(duì)馬克思產(chǎn)生的影響,是比達(dá)爾文更早,也更深刻的。
[Abstract]:There are many similarities between Vico and Marx, which are not accidental coincidences, but have profound internal logic. In order to deduce the influence of Vico's view of history on Marx's philosophy of history from these similarities, we must find out the most distinctive and unique place from among them, and then analyze it. There are two things that are different here: Vico and Marx's understanding of "historical knowledge" and "class struggle". First of all, both Vico and Marx agree that the knowledge of history in a broad sense is the real science. Vico opposes the exclusion of Descartes metaphysics from the field of history through the principle of "truth-creation". Marx, on the other hand, gave up Hegelian metaphysics and Feuerbach materialism through the principle of "reality". Secondly, Vico and Marx both agree with the view that class struggle promotes the development of history. In Vico, class struggle lurks in poetry, myths and legends and other artistic creations, which is closely related to the development history of human civilization, while Marx has it. Vico provided him with a reasonable premise of the theory of class struggle in the field of human history, and Marx believed that Darwin did this work for him in the field of natural science. When we investigate the specific relationship between Vico's view of history and Marx's philosophy of history, we must also compare Marx's understanding of Darwin. Marx put Vico in the same important position as Darwin in both the theoretical text and the exposition of private letters, but he took a different attitude towards the two. For the former, Marx seldom mentioned but knew his theory as the back of his hand and skillfully used it. For the latter, although Marx discussed it repeatedly with others, he only made a brief exposition. By examining this comparison, we can be sure that Vico's influence on Marx is earlier and deeper than Darwin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉首大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K01

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