【摘要】：新人口論認(rèn)為中世紀(jì)中期工資勞動市場的快速擴(kuò)張來自人口過剩,而馬克思主義史學(xué)家則將中世紀(jì)晚期工資勞動市場的形成歸結(jié)為封建主義危機(jī)和資本主義興起。盡管上述觀點不無道理,但都不能從整體上解釋中世紀(jì)西歐工資勞動市場的存在。中世紀(jì)不同時期,領(lǐng)主莊園、農(nóng)民家庭和工商業(yè)者作坊或商店對工資勞動市場均有不同程度的需求,因而需求拉動是中世紀(jì)西歐尤其是英國的工資勞動者比例居高不下的主要原因。中世紀(jì)西歐工資勞動市場是農(nóng)民和工商業(yè)者的家庭勞動力和領(lǐng)主莊園的農(nóng)奴勞役的重要補(bǔ)充,而并非一種異己力量,只有當(dāng)條件適合時才會轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橘Y本主義雇傭勞動市場。
[Abstract]:The new demographics thought that the rapid expansion of the wage labor market in the middle of the Middle Ages came from overpopulation, while Marxist historians attributed the formation of the wage labor market in the late Middle Ages to the feudal crisis and the rise of capitalism. This view, though justified, cannot explain the existence of the medieval wage-labor market in Western Europe as a whole. At different times in the Middle Ages, the landlord's manor, peasant family and business workshops or shops all had varying degrees of demand for the wage and labour market. As a result, demand pull was the main reason for the high proportion of wage workers in medieval Western Europe, especially in Britain. In the Middle Ages, the wage labor market in Western Europe was an important supplement to the household labor of farmers and businessmen and the serf labor of the lord's manor, but not a dissident force. Only when the conditions were suitable would it be transformed into a capitalist wage labor market.
【作者單位】： 中國人民大學(xué)歷史系;
【分類號】：K503

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