從社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)到國(guó)家福利-1906-1948年英國(guó)社會(huì)福利政策研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-07-05 20:27
【摘要】：社會(huì)福利政策是影響公民福利和社會(huì)和諧的重要因素,任何一個(gè)國(guó)家在現(xiàn)代化過(guò)程中都無(wú)法回避的這一問(wèn)題。英國(guó)是西方福利的典型代表,無(wú)論是將社會(huì)保障制度以法律形式固定下來(lái)的1601年《濟(jì)貧法》,還是1948年《國(guó)民保險(xiǎn)法》和《國(guó)民保健法》的同時(shí)生效,英國(guó)的社會(huì)福利政策都在世界社會(huì)保障制度發(fā)展史上發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用。二十世紀(jì)上半葉,英國(guó)的社會(huì)福利政策經(jīng)歷了從施舍到權(quán)利、從個(gè)人責(zé)任到政府責(zé)任、從社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)向國(guó)家福利的轉(zhuǎn)變,建立起了一整套比較完整的福利國(guó)家制度。因此,對(duì)英國(guó)社會(huì)福利政策的研究不僅有助于理解現(xiàn)代社會(huì)保障制度的基本理念和發(fā)展軌跡,也能為我國(guó)社會(huì)福利體系的構(gòu)建和社會(huì)保障制度的完善積累豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 本文主要運(yùn)用了文獻(xiàn)研究法、系統(tǒng)分析法、典型剖析法等研究方法,以考察英國(guó)福利國(guó)家制度的政策發(fā)展脈絡(luò)為切入點(diǎn),以二十世紀(jì)上半葉為時(shí)代背景,對(duì)英國(guó)福利國(guó)家確立時(shí)期的社會(huì)福利政策演進(jìn)歷程進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)梳理,綜合分析其演變的特點(diǎn)、價(jià)值取向,并以史論結(jié)合的方式深入探討引起社會(huì)福利政策由社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)向國(guó)家福利轉(zhuǎn)變的多維動(dòng)因。2009年歐債危機(jī)開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)端倪,其爆發(fā)的一個(gè)重要因素就是福利國(guó)家的居高不下的福利,本文最后結(jié)合歐債危機(jī)這一社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)對(duì)英國(guó)的福利國(guó)家給予了相對(duì)公平的評(píng)價(jià)和反思,總結(jié)其歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),以期對(duì)中國(guó)相關(guān)問(wèn)題的解決提供有益的借鑒。在此研究框架之下,本文的章節(jié)安排如下： 第一章導(dǎo)論,是文章的引言部分,主要包括選題背景、文獻(xiàn)綜述、研究方法和內(nèi)容以及文章主要概念的界定；第二章開(kāi)始是正文部分,概述了1906-1948年英國(guó)不同階段的社會(huì)政策的發(fā)展情況,大體上將二十世紀(jì)上半葉英國(guó)的社會(huì)福利政策發(fā)展歷程大致分為濟(jì)貧制度的發(fā)展、社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)制度的確立、社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)制度的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展、福利國(guó)家的藍(lán)圖、福利國(guó)家的建立五個(gè)階段,分別介紹了各個(gè)階段的福利政策立法情況；第三章承接第二章,歸納了英國(guó)社會(huì)福利政策演變的特點(diǎn)和價(jià)值取向,特點(diǎn)主要是國(guó)家責(zé)任、全面覆蓋和綜合統(tǒng)一三個(gè)方面,價(jià)值取向上更加重視平等與公正、公民權(quán)利和福利共識(shí)；第四章介紹了英國(guó)國(guó)家福利制度確立的多重誘因,具體從紛紛興起的各學(xué)派的社會(huì)福利思潮、國(guó)內(nèi)嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問(wèn)題、動(dòng)蕩的國(guó)際局勢(shì)、政黨政治與福利共識(shí)四個(gè)角度論述了英國(guó)由社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)向國(guó)家福利轉(zhuǎn)變的必然性；第五章對(duì)英國(guó)由社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)向國(guó)家福利轉(zhuǎn)變的福利政策做了綜合評(píng)價(jià),分別從成就、危機(jī)和啟示方面著手,并結(jié)合自2009年開(kāi)始的歐債危機(jī),試圖對(duì)英國(guó)從社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)到國(guó)家福利的轉(zhuǎn)變給出較為客觀的剖析和評(píng)價(jià),以得出對(duì)我國(guó)的福利制度建設(shè)過(guò)程中的一些有益的經(jīng)驗(yàn)啟迪。
[Abstract]:Social welfare policy is an important factor affecting citizens' welfare and social harmony, which can not be avoided by any country in the process of modernization. Britain is a typical representative of western welfare. Whether it is the 1601 Poverty Relief Act, which fixed the social security system in the legal form, or the National Insurance Act and the National Health Care Act of 1948, the British social welfare policy plays an important role in the history of the development of the world social security system. In the first half of the 20th century, the British social welfare policy experienced the transformation from charity to right, from individual responsibility to government responsibility, from social insurance to national welfare, and established a complete welfare state system. Therefore, the study of British social welfare policy can not only help to understand the basic concept and development track of modern social security system, but also accumulate rich experience for the construction of social welfare system and the perfection of social security system in our country. This paper mainly uses literature research method, systematic analysis method, typical analysis method and other research methods, takes the policy development of British welfare state system as the breakthrough point, takes the first half of the 20th century as the background of the times, systematically combs the evolution course of social welfare policy in the period of the establishment of British welfare state, and comprehensively analyzes the characteristics and value orientation of its evolution. And in the way of the combination of historical theory, this paper deeply discusses the multi-dimensional causes of the transformation of social welfare policy from social insurance to national welfare. In 2009, the European debt crisis began to emerge, and one of the important factors that broke out was the high welfare of the welfare state. Finally, combined with the social hot spot of the European debt crisis, this paper gives a relatively fair evaluation and reflection on the British welfare state, and sums up its historical experience and lessons. In order to provide useful reference for the solution of related problems in China. Under this research framework, the chapter of this paper is arranged as follows: the first chapter is the introduction, which mainly includes the background of the topic, literature review, research methods and content, as well as the definition of the main concepts of the article; The second chapter begins with the main body, which summarizes the development of social policy in Britain from 1906 to 1948. In general, the development process of social welfare policy in Britain in the first half of the 20th century is roughly divided into five stages: the development of poverty relief system, the establishment of social insurance system, the further development of social insurance system, the blueprint of welfare state and the establishment of welfare state. The legislation of welfare policy in each stage is introduced respectively. The third chapter is the second chapter, which sums up the characteristics and value orientation of the evolution of British social welfare policy, which is mainly characterized by state responsibility, comprehensive coverage and comprehensive unity, and pays more attention to equality and justice, civil rights and welfare consensus on the value orientation. The fourth chapter introduces the multiple inducements of the establishment of the British national welfare system, and discusses the necessity of the transformation from social insurance to national welfare from four angles: the rising social welfare trend of thought, the serious social problems in China, the turbulent international situation and the consensus of party politics and welfare. The fifth chapter makes a comprehensive evaluation of the welfare policy from social insurance to national welfare, starting from the aspects of achievements, crisis and enlightenment, and combining with the European debt crisis since 2009, tries to give a more objective analysis and evaluation of the transformation from social insurance to national welfare, in order to obtain some useful experience and enlightenment in the process of the construction of welfare system in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D756.1;C913.7
[Abstract]:Social welfare policy is an important factor affecting citizens' welfare and social harmony, which can not be avoided by any country in the process of modernization. Britain is a typical representative of western welfare. Whether it is the 1601 Poverty Relief Act, which fixed the social security system in the legal form, or the National Insurance Act and the National Health Care Act of 1948, the British social welfare policy plays an important role in the history of the development of the world social security system. In the first half of the 20th century, the British social welfare policy experienced the transformation from charity to right, from individual responsibility to government responsibility, from social insurance to national welfare, and established a complete welfare state system. Therefore, the study of British social welfare policy can not only help to understand the basic concept and development track of modern social security system, but also accumulate rich experience for the construction of social welfare system and the perfection of social security system in our country. This paper mainly uses literature research method, systematic analysis method, typical analysis method and other research methods, takes the policy development of British welfare state system as the breakthrough point, takes the first half of the 20th century as the background of the times, systematically combs the evolution course of social welfare policy in the period of the establishment of British welfare state, and comprehensively analyzes the characteristics and value orientation of its evolution. And in the way of the combination of historical theory, this paper deeply discusses the multi-dimensional causes of the transformation of social welfare policy from social insurance to national welfare. In 2009, the European debt crisis began to emerge, and one of the important factors that broke out was the high welfare of the welfare state. Finally, combined with the social hot spot of the European debt crisis, this paper gives a relatively fair evaluation and reflection on the British welfare state, and sums up its historical experience and lessons. In order to provide useful reference for the solution of related problems in China. Under this research framework, the chapter of this paper is arranged as follows: the first chapter is the introduction, which mainly includes the background of the topic, literature review, research methods and content, as well as the definition of the main concepts of the article; The second chapter begins with the main body, which summarizes the development of social policy in Britain from 1906 to 1948. In general, the development process of social welfare policy in Britain in the first half of the 20th century is roughly divided into five stages: the development of poverty relief system, the establishment of social insurance system, the further development of social insurance system, the blueprint of welfare state and the establishment of welfare state. The legislation of welfare policy in each stage is introduced respectively. The third chapter is the second chapter, which sums up the characteristics and value orientation of the evolution of British social welfare policy, which is mainly characterized by state responsibility, comprehensive coverage and comprehensive unity, and pays more attention to equality and justice, civil rights and welfare consensus on the value orientation. The fourth chapter introduces the multiple inducements of the establishment of the British national welfare system, and discusses the necessity of the transformation from social insurance to national welfare from four angles: the rising social welfare trend of thought, the serious social problems in China, the turbulent international situation and the consensus of party politics and welfare. The fifth chapter makes a comprehensive evaluation of the welfare policy from social insurance to national welfare, starting from the aspects of achievements, crisis and enlightenment, and combining with the European debt crisis since 2009, tries to give a more objective analysis and evaluation of the transformation from social insurance to national welfare, in order to obtain some useful experience and enlightenment in the process of the construction of welfare system in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D756.1;C913.7
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