【摘要】：在合作秩序的起源、擴展和維系的問題上,利他性一直是研究的主要方向。繼親緣選擇、互惠利他等多種形式的利他理論之后,研究逐步聚焦于利他懲罰機制的形成和維系上。但基于單純利他懲罰的強互惠理論并不能很好地解釋大規(guī)模合作的起源和維系問題,模仿他人的從眾和對權(quán)威的服從這類行為傾向,通過群選擇和群成員的同質(zhì)化,同樣對合作的起源、擴張和維系起著不可或缺的作用。基于從眾和服從的這種集體性的特殊合作行為雖然沒有表現(xiàn)出合作剩余和利他性,但卻避免了非合作的損失,它們在促進群合作規(guī)模的同時,也降低了合作維系的成本。雖然從眾和服從廣泛存在于生物界中,但人類的從眾和服從表現(xiàn)出更為復雜的特點,如更為復雜的規(guī)范性從眾,基于風險規(guī)避和資源分配的支配-服從秩序等。尤為重要的是,人類在從眾和服從傾向的進化過程中,保持了與之相反的抵觸性傾向,即不從眾和不服從,正是這種對抗性的機制,為合作秩序的持續(xù)擴展與演化提供了動力。
[Abstract]:Altruism has been the main research direction in the origin, expansion and maintenance of cooperative order. Following the altruistic theories of kinship selection, reciprocal altruism and so on, the research has gradually focused on the formation and maintenance of altruistic punishment mechanism. However, the theory of strong reciprocity based on simple altruistic punishment can not explain the origin and maintenance of large-scale cooperation, imitate the behavior tendency of others' conformity and authority, through group selection and homogeneity of group members. It also plays an indispensable role in the origin, expansion and maintenance of cooperation. Although the special cooperative behavior based on conformity and servitude does not show cooperation surplus and altruism, it avoids the loss of non-cooperation. While they promote the scale of group cooperation, they also reduce the cost of cooperation maintenance. Although conformity and serviceability widely exist in the biological world, human conformity and serviceability show more complicated characteristics, such as more complicated normative conformity, dominating and subordinate order based on risk aversion and resource allocation, and so on. What is more important is that in the course of the evolution of conformity and servitude, human beings maintain the opposite tendency of conflict, that is, disobedience and disobedience. It is this antagonistic mechanism that provides the motive force for the continuous expansion and evolution of the cooperative order.
【作者單位】： 中南財經(jīng)政法大學經(jīng)濟學院;
【基金】：國家社科基金項目“以國民共享和產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)同為導向的創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動戰(zhàn)略及政策選擇研究”(14BJL005)的階段性成果
【分類號】：C91-0
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本文編號：2338910