【摘要】：流動人口問題研究在人口學領域一直都是社會、政府及學術界關注的熱點之一。自上個世紀80年代以來,隨著我國人口政策的松動和改革開放的推進,生活在城市中的流動人口不僅有農民工群體,還有一個隱身于人們關注的焦點之外的但又客觀真實存在的一個特殊群體----外來知識青年群體。在龐大的流動人口大軍中,當農民工群體日益成為新聞媒體、文學作品和學術界的關注主題和焦點時,外來知識青年群體卻游離于人們的關注之外。他們既沒有納入政府、社會組織的管理體系之中,也很少出現(xiàn)在研究者的視野之中。隨著我國城市化、工業(yè)化、現(xiàn)代化進程的加快,北京作為全國政治、經濟和文化中心,其特有的城市性質和物質、文化條件,對流動人口具有更強的吸引力,尤其是對外來知識青年的吸引。越來越多的外來知識青年留在北京,不愿回原籍或去其它城市發(fā)展。盡管外來知識青年還沒有形成社會學意義上的“社會階層”,但就在北京日益呈現(xiàn)出的“外來知識青年群體”這一現(xiàn)象應該引起社會的充分重視。隨著我國高等教育日益的普及化以及就業(yè)形勢的嚴峻性,這一群體的規(guī)模也將不斷擴人。他們在北京的生存狀況,他們的生活和社會保障問題也日益突顯,在很大程度上也影響著這一群體存在與發(fā)展的穩(wěn)定性。北京市外米知識青年群體是一群具有一定的文化知識的青年群體,他們的生存困境不僅關系到這一群體在北京的生活質量、價值觀念,也關系到社會的穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展。基于以上認識,本文立足以首都—北京為調查對象,利用調查所獲得數據,對這一群體的群體特征、流動的原因以及真實的生存狀況進行了深入的分析和探討,探求了解決這一群體相關問題的對策及建議。 本文一共分為五部分：第一章緒論對研究背景及意義,國內外研究綜述、相關概念界定以及研究目標、研究內容和研究方法進行了具體的論述。這是本文進行調查研究的基礎。 第二章主要采用了“個案訪談”和“問卷調查”兩種方法對北京市外來知識青年進行了深度調查和分析。第一部分,利用“流動人口”理論框架中的“流動人口”的成因理論,“推力”與“拉力”分析了此群體形成的原因。第二部分,利用調查數據分析得出此群體現(xiàn)在的基本生存狀況。工作狀況：工作的基本狀況、起步艱難,有的還被騙、工作不穩(wěn)定以及就業(yè)所考慮的因素。生活狀況包括居住狀況、交通狀況和日常開支。社會關系狀況包括社會交往和文化適應。網絡利益表達狀況包括：網絡的用途、網絡對工作和學習的影響、網絡對人際交往的影響、對網絡的依賴程度。利益表達方式主要闡述了此群體在遇到困難或利益受到侵害時是如何利用何種表達方式來維護自己的利益。情感狀況包括單身狀態(tài)、未婚先同居、已婚但不安定描述了此群體現(xiàn)在的情感狀況。第三部分主要論述了北京外來知識青年群體的基本特征。主要從人口學特征、社會學特征、心理特征和文化特征進行了詳細分析。 第三章,利用調查結果分析得出此群體存在的主要問題：工作問題、住房問題、戶口問題和社會保障、福利待遇問題。 第四章,根據個案訪談和我國的相關政策,總結出形成此群體存在問題的原因。 第五章在前文討論的基礎上,為政府、社會和學術界關注這一群體和改善這一群體的現(xiàn)狀提出了幾點建議：一是需要政府方面的支持,推動政策與制度的改革,更需要加強法律保護;二是需要此群體成員從自身方面做起,主動與適應自己所生活的環(huán)境；三是需要社會層面的支持和關注,加強宣傳教育和服務指導,增強“北京外來知識青年們”的城市自豪感,提高北京市民的接納能力；加強社區(qū)管理,豐富文化活動,強化“北京外來知識青年們”的社區(qū)歸屬感。
[Abstract]:The study of floating population has always been one of the hot spots in the field of demography. Since 80s last century, with the loosening of China's population policy and the promotion of reform and opening up, the floating population living in the city is not only a group of migrant workers but also a hidden focus outside the focus of people's attention. But a special group, an external knowledge youth group, is an objective and real group. In the large floating population army, when the migrant workers are increasingly becoming the news media, literary works and academia's focus and focus, the foreign knowledge youth groups are free from the attention of the people. They have not been included in the government and the social group. With the rapid development of urbanization, industrialization and modernization in China, Beijing, as the national political, economic and cultural center, has a strong attraction to the urban, economic and cultural centers of the country as a national political, economic and cultural center. More and more young knowledge-based young people remain in Beijing, unwilling to return to their native or other cities. Although the young intellectuals have not yet formed a sociological sense of "social stratum", the phenomenon of "foreign knowledge youth group" which is increasingly presented in Beijing should lead to the full attention of the society. The growing popularity and the grim employment situation will expand the scale of this group. Their living conditions in Beijing, their life and social security issues are also increasingly highlighted, to a large extent, the stability of the existence and development of this group. The knowledge youth group outside Beijing is a group of certain The plight of the young people with cultural knowledge is not only related to the quality of life, values and social stability and development of this group in Beijing. Based on the above understanding, this article is sufficient to make the capital - Beijing as an investigation object and use the data obtained from the survey to analyze the group characteristics of this group, the reasons for its flow and the truth. The real survival situation has been thoroughly analyzed and explored, and countermeasures and suggestions for solving this group's related problems have been explored.
This article is divided into five parts: the first chapter is the introduction to the research background and significance, the domestic and foreign research review, the definition of related concepts and research objectives, research content and research methods. This is the basis of this paper.
The second chapter mainly uses two methods of "case interview" and "questionnaire survey" to make a deep investigation and analysis of the outside knowledge young people in Beijing. The first part, using the theory of "floating population" in the framework of "floating population", "thrust" and "pull" analysis the cause of the formation of this group. Second parts, Using the survey data to analyze the basic living conditions of this group. The basic situation of the work: the basic situation of the work, the difficult start, some deception, the instability of the work and the factors considered in the employment. The living conditions include the living conditions, the traffic conditions and the daily expenses. The social customs include social interaction and cultural adaptation. The state of interest expression includes the use of the network, the influence of the network on work and learning, the influence of the network on interpersonal communication, and the degree of dependence on the network. The way of interest expression mainly expounds how the group uses the way of expression to maintain its own interests when it meets the difficulties or the interests are violated. The emotional state includes the state of being single. Unmarried cohabitation, married but unsettled describes the present emotional state of this group. The third part mainly discusses the basic characteristics of the young people in Beijing, mainly from the demographic characteristics, sociological features, psychological characteristics and cultural characteristics.
In the third chapter, we use the findings to analyze the main problems of this group: work, housing, household registration, social security and welfare.
The fourth chapter, based on case interviews and related policies in China, summarizes the reasons for the existence of this group.
The fifth chapter, on the basis of the previous discussion, puts forward some suggestions for the government, the society and the academic community to pay attention to this group and to improve the current situation of this group: first, it needs the support of the government, the reform of policy and system, the more need to strengthen the legal protection; and the two is that the members of this group need to start from themselves, take the initiative and adapt themselves to themselves. The environment of our own life; three is to support and pay attention to the social level, strengthen the publicity and education and service guidance, strengthen the sense of urban pride of "Beijing foreign knowledge young people", improve the acceptance of Beijing citizens, strengthen community management, enrich cultural activities, and strengthen the sense of community belonging of "Beijing foreign knowledge young people".
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：C913.5

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本文編號：2123065