【摘要】：文天祥（1236-1282），字履善，號(hào)文山道人。祖籍四川成都，生于吉州廬陵富川（即今江西省吉安縣富田鄉(xiāng)文家村）。21歲即高中，被宋理宗擢為第一，乃丙辰榜狀元。歷任寧海軍節(jié)度判官、江西提刑、知贛州等地方官職，以及秘書(shū)省校書(shū)郎、禮部郎官、刑部郎官等職，后累官至右丞相兼樞密使。文天祥，作為南宋末期的狀元宰相，既能稱得上是一位杰出的文學(xué)家、思想家、政治家，又是中華民族歷史上一位杰出的民族英雄。 而且文天祥的思想中包含了大量的社會(huì)思想，，具體表現(xiàn)為國(guó)家觀、愛(ài)國(guó)思想和人生理想三個(gè)層面。文天祥的國(guó)家觀既包括“天下一統(tǒng)”的國(guó)家觀，也表現(xiàn)在其忠君忠國(guó)思想以及大臣的責(zé)任與義務(wù)等方面。尤其是他關(guān)于直道之政與公道之政關(guān)系的認(rèn)知是其對(duì)國(guó)家運(yùn)作的具體闡釋，也是其國(guó)家觀中極富時(shí)代特色方面。 愛(ài)國(guó)思想視是文天祥社會(huì)思想的重要方面。德yP起勤王、南劍開(kāi)幕府，矢志不移，堅(jiān)持抗擊蒙（元）的進(jìn)攻，都是其愛(ài)國(guó)思想的重要表現(xiàn)。而憂民、安民、關(guān)心民眾疾苦的民本思想，則成為了文天祥愛(ài)國(guó)思想的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)涵；從此層面上將，這應(yīng)該是其愛(ài)國(guó)思想的重要淵源之一或者說(shuō)是最主要的淵源之一，并且也使得他的愛(ài)國(guó)思想遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的超出了單純地抗擊蒙（元）入侵的狹隘范疇，走向更為廣闊的精神層面 受理學(xué)的影響，文天祥的人生理想充滿了求仁得仁的理想化人格以及殺身成仁的獻(xiàn)身精神。正是上述文天祥的種種大無(wú)畏精神，成就了其歷史地位。文天祥精神也成為中華民族傳統(tǒng)精神文化的重要組成部分，從而指引著一代代中華兒女為著民族的偉大復(fù)興而堅(jiān)持不懈。而且在全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)和深入推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的新時(shí)期，文天祥精神仍然是一筆珍貴的精神遺產(chǎn)，對(duì)我們?nèi)跃哂兄匾膯l(fā)意義。
[Abstract]:Wen Tianxiang (1236-1282), the word Lu-shan, no. Wenshan Taoist. Native of Chengdu, Sichuan, born in Luling, Jizhou, Fuchuan (Futian Township Wenjia Village, Ji'an County, Jiangxi Province) .21 years old is high school, promoted by Song Lizong as the first, is the top of the list. All served as judges of the Naval Section of Ning, Jiangxi, Ganzhou and other local officials, as well as the secretary of the provincial school Lang, the ministry of etiquette, the Ministry of torture and other official officials, after the official to the right prime minister and secret ambassador. Wen Tianxiang, as the prime minister of the late Southern Song Dynasty, is not only an outstanding writer, thinker, politician, but also an outstanding national hero in the history of the Chinese nation. And Wen Tianxiang's thought contains a large number of social thoughts, which are manifested in three levels: national view, patriotic thought and ideal of life. Wen Tianxiang's concept of state includes the concept of "unification of the whole world", and his thought of loyalty and loyalty to the country, as well as the responsibility and obligation of ministers and so on. Especially his cognition about the relationship between straight government and fair government is his concrete explanation of the operation of the country, and it is also the characteristic of the times in his view of state. Patriotic thought is an important aspect of Wen Tianxiang's social thought. The important manifestation of his patriotic thought is the king of Del'yp, the opening office of Nanjian and his perseverance in fighting against the attack of Mongolia (Yuan). The people-oriented thought of caring for the people, being comfortable with the people, and caring for the people's sufferings has become an important connotation of Wen Tianxiang's patriotic thought. From this level, this should be one of the important sources or one of the most important sources of his patriotic thought. And also made his patriotic thought far beyond the narrow category of pure resistance to the invasion of Mongolia (Yuan), and moved towards a broader spiritual level of the influence of admissibility. Wen Tianxiang's ideal of life is full of the idealized personality of seeking benevolence and the dedication of killing one's body into benevolence. It is the above-mentioned spirit of fearlessness of Wen Tianxiang, the achievement of its historical status. The spirit of Wen Tianxiang has also become an important part of the traditional spiritual culture of the Chinese nation, thus guiding generations of Chinese sons and daughters to persevere for the great rejuvenation of the nation. Moreover, in the new period of building a well-off society in an all-round way and promoting socialist modernization in depth, the spirit of Wen Tianxiang is still a precious spiritual heritage, which is still of great enlightening significance to us.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：C91-09

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