本文選題：兒童福利　切入點(diǎn)：弱勢(shì)兒童　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國(guó)自加入聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童公約以來(lái)，一直非常注重兒童的身心健康發(fā)展，特別是改革開(kāi)放以后，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展大幅度的跨越，為豐富兒童福利的發(fā)展打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。我國(guó)的兒童福利制度一直在進(jìn)行不斷的探索和改革，出臺(tái)了相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)、制訂了綱要和行動(dòng)方案、成立了與兒童有關(guān)的部門(mén)，內(nèi)容涉及到兒童的各個(gè)方面，包括收養(yǎng)、教育、醫(yī)療、司法等，從身體和心理等全方位地關(guān)注兒童健康成長(zhǎng)�？梢哉f(shuō)我國(guó)的兒童福利已經(jīng)取得了很大的成績(jī)。但是由于我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)二元分割體制、收入分配差距較大等原因，兒童福利政策重點(diǎn)集中在孤殘兒童身上。我國(guó)正處于結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期，大量的社會(huì)問(wèn)題又導(dǎo)致了更多困境兒童的出現(xiàn)。兒童福利制度的設(shè)計(jì)并沒(méi)有廣泛覆蓋全體少年兒童，也沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)福利制度維護(hù)社會(huì)公平、公正的原則。在堅(jiān)持盡力保障全體兒童權(quán)益的基礎(chǔ)上，重點(diǎn)突出保障重度殘疾兒童、大病兒童等困境兒童的基本權(quán)益。注重保障兒童基本生活、教育、醫(yī)療、交通等多方面權(quán)益，體現(xiàn)綜合性、全面性，對(duì)于孤兒、棄嬰、殘疾兒童等特殊群體，應(yīng)在基本保障內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上增加康復(fù)、特教、就業(yè)住房等內(nèi)容。 本文針對(duì)對(duì)近年來(lái)社會(huì)上發(fā)生的危害兒童健康安全的事件，著重以2013年蘭考火災(zāi)事故為例，搜集了大量的有關(guān)兒童福利的國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)資料，借助馬斯洛需求理論、羅爾斯正義論、目標(biāo)定位理論，在對(duì)開(kāi)封市社會(huì)福利院進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)查研究的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，對(duì)我國(guó)兒童福利現(xiàn)狀和存在問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了分析。然后通過(guò)與國(guó)外制度的對(duì)比，結(jié)合我國(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)國(guó)情提出了一些制度化的建議，在保障困境兒童基本生活的前提下，要逐步地?cái)U(kuò)展兒童福利的覆蓋面，以多元化發(fā)展為理念，做好頂層設(shè)計(jì)，，建立普惠型的兒童津貼制度，完善兒童服務(wù)，多渠道籌集兒童福利資金等。
[Abstract]:Since the Chinese since joining the United Nations Children's convention, has been very focused on the development of children's physical and mental health, especially after the reform and opening up, economic development spans greatly, a solid material foundation for the development of rich child welfare. Child welfare system of our country has been in continuous exploration and reform, the introduction of laws and regulations the formulation of the programme and action plan, set up the children and the relevant departments, the content involves all aspects, including the adoption of children, education, medical, legal, from the physical and psychological omnibearing concern for children's healthy growth. It can be said that the children's welfare in our country has made great achievements. But because of China's urban and rural two binary system, income distribution gap and other reasons, mainly concentrated in the disabled children's welfare policy children. Our country is in the transition period, a large number of social problems It leads to the more the plight of children in the child welfare system. The design is not widely covering all the children, did not reflect the welfare system to safeguard social fairness and justice principle. Based on all the children try to protect the rights and interests of security, highlighting the severe disabled children, the basic rights of the plight of children ill children focus on. The protection of children's basic life, education, medical care, many traffic rights, reflect the comprehensive, comprehensive, for orphans, abandoned children, children with disabilities and other special groups, should increase the recovery, based on the basic guarantee of the content of education, employment and housing.
In this paper the society in recent years, harm children's health and safety incidents, especially in 2013, Lankao fire accident as an example, collected a large number of child welfare related literature at home and abroad, with the help of Maslow demand theory, Rawls's theory of justice, goal orientation theory, based on the field investigation and Research on the City Social Welfare Institute on the combination of personal views on current situation of children's welfare in our country and the existing problems are analyzed. Then by comparing with the foreign system, combined with the reality of our country puts forward some institutional suggestions, in the premise of ensuring the basic life of the plight of children, to gradually expand the coverage of child welfare, with diversified development concept, good top-level design, system establishment of inclusive child allowances, improve children's services, multiple channels to raise funds for child welfare.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：C913.7;C913.5

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本文編號(hào)：1705783