本文關(guān)鍵詞： 農(nóng)民工子女 社會排斥 打工子弟學(xué)校 歧視和偏見　出處：《首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,由于新一代農(nóng)民工進程方式的改變,令城市中的農(nóng)民工子女群體越來越大,因為他們的身份,在城市中受到了各種各樣的社會排斥,但農(nóng)民工子女內(nèi)也存在著不同層次,所受排斥程度及農(nóng)民工子女的感知與其所在層次有很強的相關(guān)性。 社會排斥的表現(xiàn)有經(jīng)濟排斥、制度排斥和文化排斥。經(jīng)濟排斥是隱性的排斥,作為基礎(chǔ)影響農(nóng)民工子女生活的方方面面。制度排斥主要體現(xiàn)在城鄉(xiāng)二元戶籍制度帶來的問題上。一方面在于因為戶口無法進入公立學(xué)校就讀,或者是有很高的成績要求,或者是收取高昂的借讀費,背后都是因為戶口問題。另一方面打工子弟學(xué)校得不到財政支持,辦學(xué)水平遠遠不及公立學(xué)校,且時常遭到取締。 農(nóng)民工子女所能感受到的社會排斥來自于制度排斥和文化排斥兩方面。在制度排斥上,當(dāng)他們面臨入學(xué)、升學(xué)的問題時,都會清楚的意識到自己是外地人,會產(chǎn)生不公平的感受。在文化排斥上,一方面來源于城市人有意無意的疏離態(tài)度,另一方面更為明顯的是感受到的來自城市人的歧視和偏見,口音及外顯的農(nóng)村人特質(zhì)是首要原因。在公立學(xué)校的學(xué)生比在打工子弟學(xué)校的學(xué)生感受到的歧視和偏見要少,這是因為在公立學(xué)校就讀或住在普通居民區(qū)的農(nóng)民工子女與城里人接觸更多,隨著在城市居住時間的增長,其農(nóng)村人的外顯特征會減弱。另一方面他們的家庭環(huán)境也允許他們補課,學(xué)習(xí)成績更接近城里孩子,這也客觀上縮小了他們的差距。 社會排斥對農(nóng)民工子女的影響體現(xiàn)在邊緣化和對其心理的影響上。打工弟子學(xué)校比公立學(xué)校的農(nóng)民工子女的邊緣化成都要更深。在心理層面上,社會排斥會加強他們的自我標(biāo)簽,令他們變得害羞、敏感、膽怯,缺乏對城市的歸屬感、探索欲望和社會身份認同感,這反過來加劇了他們對社會排斥和歧視的感知。 農(nóng)民工子女對社會排斥的應(yīng)對與其適應(yīng)表現(xiàn)有很強的正相關(guān)性。應(yīng)對策略按積極和消極大致上可分為尋求社會支持和回避兩種。采取積極的應(yīng)對策略的農(nóng)民工子女的成績相對更好,適應(yīng)狀況也更好,具有更良好的社會身份認同感,反之亦然,至于何者為因何者為果尚不清楚,或許是互為因果,互相加強。 社會工作介入應(yīng)考慮不同層次農(nóng)民工子女的不同特點,有針對性的進行介入。在文章的最后提出了具體的介入方法。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to the change of the new generation of migrant workers process, the children of migrant workers in the city have become more and more large, because of their identity, in the city has been subjected to a variety of social exclusion. However, there are also different levels in the children of migrant workers, and the degree of exclusion and the perception of the children of migrant workers have a strong correlation with their level. The manifestations of social exclusion are economic exclusion, institutional exclusion and cultural exclusion. Economic exclusion is implicit exclusion. As the basis of affecting the children of migrant workers in all aspects of life. System exclusion mainly reflected in the urban-rural dual household registration system brought problems. On the one hand, because hukou can not enter public schools. Either there is a very high achievement requirement or a high fee for borrowing is behind the hukou problem. On the other hand, the schools of working children do not get financial support, and the level of running a school is far lower than that of a public school. And often banned. Migrant workers' children can feel the social exclusion from the system exclusion and cultural exclusion. In the system exclusion, when they are faced with the problem of admission to school, they will clearly realize that they are outsiders. In terms of cultural exclusion, on the one hand, it comes from the intentional or unintentional alienation of the city people, on the other hand, it is more obvious that the discrimination and prejudice from the city people are felt. Accents and explicit rural traits are the primary cause. Students in public schools experience less discrimination and prejudice than those in working children's schools. This is because the children of migrant workers who study in public schools or live in ordinary neighbourhoods have more contact with city dwellers, as they spend more time in cities. On the other hand, their family environment also allows them to make up classes, and their grades are closer to those of urban children, which objectively narrows the gap between them. The influence of social exclusion on the children of migrant workers is reflected in the marginalization and psychological impact. The school of working students is more marginalized than the children of migrant workers in public schools. Social exclusion reinforces their self-labelling, making them shy, sensitive, timid, lacking a sense of belonging to the city, exploring desire and social identity. This in turn increases their perception of social exclusion and discrimination. The coping strategies of the children of migrant workers to social exclusion have strong positive correlation with their adaptation. According to positive and negative coping strategies, they can be divided into two types: seeking social support and avoiding. The peasant workers who adopt positive coping strategies can be divided into two types: seeking social support and avoiding. Children perform relatively well. Adaptation is also better, with a better sense of social identity, and vice versa. It is not clear what is the cause or effect, perhaps it is mutually causal and mutually reinforcing. Social work intervention should take into account the different characteristics of the children of different levels of migrant workers, targeted intervention, in the end of the article put forward the specific intervention methods.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：C913.5

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