【摘要】：農(nóng)民工是伴隨著我國(guó)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程以及市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)程而不斷發(fā)展壯大的特殊社會(huì)群體。在全面建成小康社會(huì)成為重大的時(shí)代議題,社會(huì)公正問(wèn)題成為我國(guó)社會(huì)各階層廣泛關(guān)注的重大問(wèn)題的時(shí)代背景下,妥善解決農(nóng)民工市民化進(jìn)程中出現(xiàn)的不公正社會(huì)問(wèn)題顯得尤為迫切和重要。本文在梳理以人為本理論、社會(huì)公平理論、和諧社會(huì)理論以及城鎮(zhèn)化理論等理論的基礎(chǔ)上,系統(tǒng)分析農(nóng)民工市民化進(jìn)程中社會(huì)公正實(shí)現(xiàn)方面所取得的成就、存在的問(wèn)題以及問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)的原因,進(jìn)而提出農(nóng)民工市民化進(jìn)程中社會(huì)公正的實(shí)現(xiàn)策略,其目的是給農(nóng)民工實(shí)現(xiàn)向產(chǎn)業(yè)工人和城市市民的職業(yè)和身份上的雙重轉(zhuǎn)變提供強(qiáng)大的理論指導(dǎo)。當(dāng)越來(lái)越多的農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力涌入城市尋找生機(jī),農(nóng)民工市民化提上日程。當(dāng)前農(nóng)民工市民化進(jìn)程中社會(huì)公正實(shí)現(xiàn)方面所取得的成就主要包括以下三點(diǎn)：就業(yè)培訓(xùn)及創(chuàng)業(yè)培訓(xùn)政策扶持和優(yōu)惠力度不斷加強(qiáng)；有限度地允許農(nóng)民工在城鎮(zhèn)落戶；允許農(nóng)民工隨遷子女異地參加中考和高考等。但是農(nóng)民工市民化過(guò)程中仍然存在一些不公正社會(huì)現(xiàn)象和問(wèn)題,突出表現(xiàn)為“敞開(kāi)城門、分設(shè)門檻”的市民化歧視政策依然存在；農(nóng)民工政治權(quán)利訴求難以得到重視；農(nóng)民工文化生活匱乏；農(nóng)民工難以享受到城市基本公共服務(wù)；農(nóng)民工居住環(huán)境不宜居等。阻礙我國(guó)農(nóng)民工市民化進(jìn)程中社會(huì)公正實(shí)現(xiàn)的原因主要來(lái)自以下四個(gè)方面：城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)間經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平不均衡；我國(guó)長(zhǎng)期實(shí)行城鄉(xiāng)二元戶籍管理制度對(duì)農(nóng)民工落戶城鎮(zhèn)造成了桎梏；農(nóng)民工普遍職業(yè)技能水平不高,缺乏市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力；來(lái)自社會(huì)的歧視導(dǎo)致農(nóng)民工無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)市民融入。農(nóng)民工市民化進(jìn)程中社會(huì)公正實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo),是在實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)民工及整個(gè)家庭的學(xué)有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫(yī)、老有所養(yǎng)、住有所居基礎(chǔ)上保障農(nóng)民工平等享有經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、社會(huì)以及生態(tài)權(quán)利。在農(nóng)民工市民化進(jìn)程中社會(huì)公正實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程中必須堅(jiān)持四個(gè)基本原則,即必須始終堅(jiān)持以循序漸進(jìn)推動(dòng)農(nóng)民工市民化進(jìn)程,實(shí)現(xiàn)全社會(huì)安定有序?yàn)闇?zhǔn)則；以保障農(nóng)民工各項(xiàng)基本權(quán)益為主；以各機(jī)關(guān)、組織相互配合,整體聯(lián)動(dòng)為輔；以政策體制體系支持為配合。農(nóng)民工市民化進(jìn)程中社會(huì)公正實(shí)現(xiàn)的路徑選擇主要包括放寬城鎮(zhèn)落戶條件,深化戶籍制度改革；完善社會(huì)管理制度、方式和手段,提升政府公共服務(wù)能力；深化我國(guó)勞動(dòng)用工體制,鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民工就近就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)；加強(qiáng)農(nóng)民工教育和培訓(xùn),提高農(nóng)民工核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力；樹立和增強(qiáng)農(nóng)民工市民化的社會(huì)認(rèn)同和心理認(rèn)同。
[Abstract]:Migrant workers are a special social group with the process of modernization and market economy. Building a well-off society in an all-round way has become a major topic of the times, and social justice has become a major issue of concern to all sectors of our society. It is urgent and important to properly solve the unjust social problems in the process of peasant workers'citizenship. Based on the theories of people-oriented theory, social equity theory, harmonious society theory and urbanization theory, this paper systematically analyzes the achievements in the realization of social justice in the process of peasant workers' urbanization. The existing problems and the causes of the problems, and then put forward the realization strategy of social justice in the process of migrant workers' citizenship. The purpose is to provide strong theoretical guidance for migrant workers to realize the dual transformation to the occupation and identity of industrial workers and urban citizens. As more and more rural surplus labor force flocked to the city in search of life, the urbanization of migrant workers was put on the agenda. The achievements in the realization of social justice in the process of urbanization of migrant workers mainly include the following three points: employment training and entrepreneurial training policy support and preferential strength is constantly strengthened, limited migrant workers are allowed to settle in cities and towns; Migrant workers are allowed to move their children to participate in the entrance examination and college entrance examination and so on. However, there are still some unfair social phenomena and problems in the process of peasant workers' citizenship, which is characterized by the discrimination policy of "opening the city door and setting up the threshold", and the difficulty of paying attention to the political rights of migrant workers. Migrant workers lack of cultural life; migrant workers can not enjoy the basic urban public services; migrant workers living environment is not suitable to live in, and so on. The main reasons for hindering the realization of social justice in the process of urbanization of migrant workers in our country come from the following four aspects: the level of economic development between urban and rural areas is not balanced under the dual economic system of urban and rural areas; The long-term implementation of urban and rural dual household registration management system has created shackles for migrant workers to settle in towns; the general level of vocational skills of migrant workers is not high, lack of market competitiveness; discrimination from the society leads to migrant workers unable to realize the integration of citizens. The goal of social justice realization in the process of peasant workers' citizenship is to ensure that migrant workers have equal access to economy, politics and culture on the basis of education, income, sickness, security and living. Social and ecological rights In the process of realizing the social justice of migrant workers, we must adhere to four basic principles, that is, we must always adhere to the principle of gradually promoting the process of peasant workers' citizenship and realizing the stability and order of the whole society. In order to protect the basic rights and interests of migrant workers, organizations and organizations cooperate with each other, the overall linkage is complementary, and the support of the policy system is the cooperation. The path choice to realize the social justice in the process of peasant workers' citizenship mainly includes relaxing the conditions of settling down in cities and towns, deepening the reform of the household registration system, perfecting the social management system, ways and means, and improving the government's public service ability. We should deepen the labor and employment system of our country, encourage migrant workers to take up employment and start businesses nearby; strengthen the education and training of migrant workers, improve the core competitiveness of migrant workers; and establish and strengthen the social and psychological identity of migrant workers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D412.6;D631.42

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