本文選題：工傷保險 + 先行支付�。� 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為保障工傷職工及時有效獲得工傷補償?shù)囊环N制度,工傷保險待遇先行支付制度確立近六年來仍難達(dá)其目的。任何一種制度經(jīng)過六年的發(fā)展都將接近成熟,而先行支付制度在實施過程中仍出現(xiàn)很多問題,致其難以落實,直接原因在于立法的不完善,而根本原因則在于制度設(shè)立的背景使其難以扎根。在先行支付制度的內(nèi)容、實施條件及程序方面,我國立法尚不完善,由此表現(xiàn)出兩大方面的問題,即符合先行支付條件的工傷職工仍然無法及時受償、工傷保險經(jīng)辦機構(gòu)對先行支付申請持消極對待態(tài)度,前者顯然并未實現(xiàn)制度設(shè)立的初衷,而后者則顯示出了制度實施過程中存在一系列阻礙。這些問題的存在使得先行支付制度至今難以"落地"實施。究其根本,主要有制度基礎(chǔ)不牢固、制度設(shè)計不合理以及制度保障機制的不完備三方面原因。全民強制參加工傷保險是國家得以試行和落實先行支付制度的根本條件之一,但強制繳納措施不力和較低參保率現(xiàn)象不光加重了國家財政壓力,更會滋生許多違法行為,危害社會整體的穩(wěn)定;作為先行支付制度的主體部分,制度的內(nèi)容設(shè)計存在缺陷,主要表現(xiàn)為工傷職工申請先行支付時,對申請事由舉證困難,以及從發(fā)生工傷到申請期間歷時較長,這種對勞動者來說長時間、高難度的制度實際上并不能完全達(dá)到保護(hù)職工權(quán)益的目的。制度在先行支付啟動條件及舉證責(zé)任設(shè)定的不盡合理,啟動條件中對兩種責(zé)任主體不支付的劃分在實踐中會產(chǎn)生競合,從而陷入兩難境地,制度要求先行支付申請人負(fù)有申請條件的舉證責(zé)任無疑加重了本就處于劣勢的勞動者的負(fù)擔(dān),導(dǎo)致原本符合申請條件的勞動者難以成功申請先行支付,這樣根本無法實現(xiàn)制度的價值意義;強效而有力地追繳措施對先行支付資金的保護(hù)是具有舉足輕重的意義,而目前我國立法和行政執(zhí)法方面的不足致使工傷保險基金對用人單位及第三人的追償權(quán)難以實現(xiàn),此時工傷保險基金一方面向勞動者先行支付工傷保險待遇,但卻無法期待該筆資金有效收回,嚴(yán)重威脅了工傷保險基金的穩(wěn)定性,而工傷保險基金作為先行支付工傷保險待遇的主體,其安全性也反向關(guān)系到整個先行支付制度的穩(wěn)定實施�；谏鐣ｋU本質(zhì)理論,國家應(yīng)當(dāng)保障每位公民有獲得社會保障的權(quán)利,應(yīng)當(dāng)保障每位勞動者有獲得工傷保險保護(hù)的權(quán)利,因此嚴(yán)格落實工傷保險強制性是必要且必須的。而針對先行支付的內(nèi)容設(shè)計問題,并結(jié)合制度內(nèi)在價值,得出目前制度的完善需要集中于先行支付的及時化。除此之外,在維護(hù)工傷保險基金安全性方面,除了完善行政方面的立法和執(zhí)法,還需引入刑法規(guī)范,體現(xiàn)國家公權(quán)力。希望在本文研究基礎(chǔ)上,先行支付制度能愈加完善并良性運行,從而"不忘初心"。
[Abstract]:As a system to guarantee the employees to obtain the compensation in time and effectively, the advance payment system of industrial injury insurance is still difficult to achieve its goal in the past six years. Any kind of system will be nearly mature after six years of development. However, there are still many problems in the implementation of the advance payment system, which makes it difficult to implement. The direct reason lies in the imperfection of the legislation. The fundamental reason is that the background of the establishment of the system makes it difficult to take root. In terms of the content, implementation conditions and procedures of the advance payment system, the legislation of our country is still not perfect, thus showing two major problems, that is, the injured workers who meet the conditions of advance payment are still unable to receive compensation in time. The agency of industrial injury insurance takes a negative attitude towards the application for advance payment. The former obviously does not realize the original intention of the establishment of the system, while the latter shows that there are a series of obstacles in the process of implementing the system. The existence of these problems makes it difficult to implement the advance payment system. There are three main reasons: the system foundation is not firm, the system design is unreasonable, and the system safeguard mechanism is not complete. Compulsory participation in industrial injury insurance by the whole people is one of the fundamental conditions for the country to try out and implement the advance payment system. However, the lack of compulsory payment measures and the low rate of participation in insurance not only increase the state financial pressure, but also breed many illegal acts. Endangering the stability of the society as a whole; as the main part of the advance payment system, the content design of the system is flawed, which is mainly manifested in the difficulty of proving the cause of the application when the work-related injury workers apply for the advance payment, And from work injury to the application for a longer period of time, this kind of workers for a long time, the high difficulty of the system can not completely achieve the purpose of protecting the rights and interests of workers. The system is not reasonable in setting up the starting condition and the burden of proof in advance payment. The division of the two kinds of non-payment in the starting condition will be competing in practice, so it is in a dilemma. The burden of proof that the system requires the applicant to pay in advance has undoubtedly increased the burden of workers who are already at a disadvantage, resulting in difficulties for workers who originally met the requirements for the application to apply for advance payment successfully. In this way, it is impossible to realize the value significance of the system. At present, the lack of legislation and administrative law enforcement in our country makes it difficult for the Industrial injury Insurance Fund to realize the right of recourse to employers and third parties. At this time, the Industrial injury Insurance Fund on the one hand pays workers the treatment of industrial injury insurance in advance. However, it is impossible to expect the funds to be recovered effectively, which seriously threatens the stability of the industrial injury insurance fund, which is the main body that pays the benefits of industrial injury insurance in advance. Its security is also related to the stable implementation of the whole advance payment system. Based on the essential theory of social insurance, the state should guarantee the right of every citizen to obtain social security and the right of every laborer to obtain the protection of industrial injury insurance, so it is necessary and necessary to strictly implement the compulsory work injury insurance. In view of the content design of the advance payment and the intrinsic value of the system, it is concluded that the perfection of the current system needs to focus on the timeliness of the advance payment. In addition, in maintaining the safety of industrial injury insurance fund, in addition to improving the administrative legislation and law enforcement, it is necessary to introduce criminal law norms to reflect the public power of the state. Based on the research of this paper, I hope that the advance payment system can be more perfect and run well, so as to "not forget the original ideals and aspirations."
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.55

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