本文選題：聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署 + 國際組織�。� 參考：《北京外國語大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,中國扶貧取得了舉世矚目的成就。在三十多年的扶貧開發(fā)事業(yè)中,中國政府扮演著主要角色,然而國際組織的力量不容忽視。1979年,聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署(UNDP)批準了第一個援華方案并在中國設(shè)立代表處,標志著中國開始接受國際發(fā)展援助,同時也標志著國際組織開始協(xié)助中國政府進行扶貧開發(fā)。在中國扶貧開發(fā)至今的五個階段中,UNDP通過其發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)引入了先進的扶貧理念和創(chuàng)新的扶貧方法,對中國的扶貧效果和扶貧進程產(chǎn)生了積極的影響。本文通過文獻資料法、案例分析法和跨學(xué)科研究方法梳理了聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署參與中國扶貧的歷程、分析了其對中國扶貧的具體影響以及如何影響、展望了聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署在后2015時代在中國扶貧中扮演的角色。本文的具體內(nèi)容分為以下四個部分。第一章,改革開放以來中國扶貧概況。本章首先總結(jié)了改革開放以來中國扶貧取得的成就,接著梳理了中國扶貧大致經(jīng)歷的五個階段,并高度提煉了每個階段的扶貧成果以及扶貧特點。第二章,國際組織參與中國扶貧的角色。國際組織參與中國扶貧首先是由貧困理論、國際發(fā)展援助理論和國際組織理論支撐的。國際組織理論是國際組織參與國家扶貧的前提,國際發(fā)展援助理論和貧困理論是國際組織參與中國扶貧的工具和手段。本章著重梳理了 UNDP參與中國扶貧事業(yè)的歷程和內(nèi)容,指出了UNDP參與中國扶貧的方式并非介入型援助,而是以協(xié)助政府部門為切入點,以扶貧開發(fā)項目和研究項目為主要方式,以宏觀規(guī)劃與政策制定和社會包容與公平為重點領(lǐng)域,幫助中國實現(xiàn)減貧目標。第三章,UNDP對中國扶貧的積極影響。本章直接回答了"UNDP在哪些方面影響了中國扶貧工作"以及"如何影響"兩個問題。本章的分析從三個方面入手。首先,UNDP對中國扶貧效果產(chǎn)生了積極影響,UNDP通過扶貧項目的實施和扶貧資金的投放一方面改善了農(nóng)村貧困人口的狀況,另一方面加快了農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)的進程。其次,UNDP通過實施扶貧項目和開展扶貧研究和為中國扶貧引進了先進的扶貧理念,其中包括以"多維貧困"為代表的更加多元的貧困定義、創(chuàng)新的包容性扶貧理念以及婦女在扶貧中的重要作用。最后,UNDP還對中國扶貧開發(fā)方法產(chǎn)生了重要影響。一方面,UNDP致力于創(chuàng)新扶貧開發(fā)方法,將小額信貸、科技扶貧和綠色扶貧方法成功引進中國;另一方面,UNDP倡導(dǎo)的參與式扶貧開發(fā)方法也對中國扶貧影響深遠,如今中國的扶貧綱領(lǐng)里無不強調(diào)參與式扶貧開發(fā)的重要性。第四章,UNDP在中國扶貧中的角色展望。在前四章分析的基礎(chǔ)上,本章指出后2015時代UNDP將在中國減貧合作中繼續(xù)扮演重要角色。新時期扶貧合作的特點是國際組織與中國政府相互依賴,但重點有所轉(zhuǎn)移。面對貧困人口規(guī)模大、扶貧的復(fù)雜化、"城市貧困"等挑戰(zhàn),中國仍需與UNDP合作以完成減貧目標,并在社會保障、多維貧困、貧困政策評估、創(chuàng)新扶貧開發(fā)等重點領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮UNPD的比較優(yōu)勢。另外,隨著中國的身份由受援國轉(zhuǎn)為"援助國",中國需要借助UNDP的強大網(wǎng)絡(luò)向其他發(fā)展中國家分享扶貧理念和經(jīng)驗,深化扶貧領(lǐng)域的國際合作。本文透過UNDP的視角研究國際組織對中國扶貧產(chǎn)生的積極影響構(gòu)成了本文最大的創(chuàng)新之處,從這個視角研究UNDP在中國的扶貧角色和貢獻的文獻十分少見。本文在三大核心理論的基礎(chǔ)上,從大量具有時效性的政策和報告中高度提煉出UNDP對中國扶貧效果、理念的和方法的積極影響,形成一篇與時俱進且視角獨特的論文。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China has made remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation. In the thirty years of poverty alleviation and development, the Chinese government plays a major role. However, the strength of the international organization can not be ignored in.1979 years. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) approved the first case of aid to China and set up a representative office in China, marking the beginning of China's acceptance. International development assistance also marks the beginning of international organizations to assist the Chinese government in poverty alleviation and development. In the five stages of China's poverty alleviation and development, UNDP has introduced advanced poverty alleviation ideas and innovative poverty alleviation methods through its development network, and has a positive impact on the effect of poverty alleviation and the process of helping the poor in China. The information method, case analysis and interdisciplinary research methods have combed the course of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) participating in poverty alleviation in China, analyze its specific impact on China's poverty alleviation and how it affects it, and look forward to the role of the United Nations Development Programme in the post 2015 era of poverty alleviation in China. The specific content of this article is divided into the following four ministries Chapter 1, the general situation of China's poverty alleviation since the reform and opening up. This chapter first summarizes the achievements of China's poverty alleviation since the reform and opening up, and then combs the five stages of China's poverty alleviation, and highly refines the poverty alleviation results and the characteristics of poverty alleviation in each stage. The second chapter, the role of international organizations in China's poverty alleviation. Participation in poverty alleviation in China is first supported by poverty theory, international development aid theory and international organization theory. International organization theory is the premise for international organizations to participate in poverty alleviation. International development aid theory and poverty theory are the tools and means for international organizations to participate in poverty alleviation in China. This chapter focuses on the involvement of UNDP in China's poverty alleviation. The course and content of the industry point out that the way UNDP participates in poverty alleviation in China is not intervention assistance, but is to help the government departments as the breakthrough point, to help the poor development projects and research projects as the main way, with macro planning and policy making and social inclusion and equity as the key areas, to help China achieve the goal of reducing poverty. The third chapter, UNDP China's positive impact on poverty alleviation. This chapter directly answers the two issues that "UNDP has affected China's poverty alleviation work" and "how to influence". The analysis of this chapter begins with three aspects. First, UNDP has a positive impact on the effect of China's poverty alleviation, and UNDP has improved the rural areas through the implementation of poverty alleviation projects and the delivery of poverty alleviation funds on the one hand. The status of the poor, on the other hand, accelerated the process of rural poverty alleviation and development. Secondly, UNDP introduced advanced poverty alleviation ideas through implementing poverty alleviation projects and carrying out poverty alleviation research and promoting poverty alleviation in China, including the more pluralistic poverty definition represented by "Multidimensional Poverty", innovative concept of inclusive poverty alleviation and women in poverty alleviation. In the end, UNDP also has an important impact on China's methods of poverty alleviation and development. On the one hand, UNDP is committed to innovative methods of poverty alleviation and development, and the successful introduction of microfinance, science and technology poverty alleviation and green poverty alleviation methods to China; on the other hand, the participatory poverty alleviation and development method advocated by UNDP has a far-reaching impact on China's poverty alleviation. The poor programme emphasizes the importance of participatory poverty alleviation and development. The fourth chapter, the role of UNDP in China's poverty alleviation. On the basis of the analysis in the first four chapters, this chapter points out that UNDP will continue to play an important role in China's poverty reduction and cooperation in the latter 2015 times. The characteristics of the cooperation in the new period are the interdependence of international organizations and the Chinese government, but the emphasis is on the characteristics of the new period. In the face of the large scale of the poor, the complexity of poverty alleviation and the "urban poverty", China still needs to cooperate with UNDP in order to achieve the goal of reducing poverty, and the comparative advantage of UNPD in the key areas such as social security, multidimensional poverty, poverty policy assessment, and innovation and development of poverty alleviation. In addition, as China's identity is transferred from the recipient country to "aid" China needs to share the poverty alleviation ideas and experiences with other developing countries with the help of UNDP's strong network, and deepen the international cooperation in the field of poverty alleviation. This paper studies the positive impact of international organizations on poverty alleviation through the UNDP perspective, which constitutes the greatest innovation of this article, and studies the role and tribute of UNDP in China from this perspective. The literature is very rare. On the basis of the three core theories, this paper abstracts the positive influence of UNDP on China's poverty alleviation effect, ideas and methods from a large number of timeliness policies and reports, and forms a paper with a unique view of the times and a unique perspective.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F126

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