本文關鍵詞： 集體經營性建設用地使用權 入市 國有建設用地 土地征收制度　出處：《安徽財經大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：經過幾十年的堅持與努力,我國社會的方方面面產生了深刻的變革,社會面貌幡然一新,社會生產力進步了不少,工業(yè)化進程穩(wěn)步加快,城市規(guī)模的擴張也在如火如荼地進行著。隨之而來的是,大規(guī)模的城市擴張對在客觀上需要大量的建設用地,但是目前所擁有的國有建設用地數(shù)量是一定的,已經越來越供應不了城市擴展所需要的大量土地資源。在這個大環(huán)境下,人們將目光紛紛轉而投向農村的建設用地,不斷發(fā)掘它潛在的價值以解決目前的困境,因而集體經營性建設用地使用權入市能夠減輕建設用地資源不足的壓力,減輕城市發(fā)展的負擔。然而,在我國,其使用權入市缺乏相關法律法規(guī)的支持,要想入市得先由國家利用征收手段將其轉化為國有土地,而后才能入市參與市場交易。但是在實踐活動中,由于房地產市場的巨大利潤,一些地方政府總是打著公共利益的名義濫用土地征收制度,用很低廉的價格強制征收農村的集體土地進而轉變?yōu)閲型恋?再用較高的價格進行出讓,賺取高額的差價,損害了農民的土地權益,此種做法往往受到社會各界的批評與指責。眾所周知,土地改革一直以來都是國家重點工作之一,黨的十八屆三中全會鼓勵與支持集體經營性建設用地使用權入市。因此,部分地方政府也紛紛響應國家的號召,出臺了一系列地方政策性文件。值得一提的是,其推廣范圍越來越大,發(fā)展至今已經推行至30多個地區(qū),其在不久的將來將會推廣至全國范圍內。雖然有國家政策與一些地方政府政策性文件的支持與指導,但是這項工作是一項長期復雜的工程,各地試點實踐中也會出現(xiàn)諸多問題,這就需要我們密切關注各試點實際推行狀況,及時發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并總結積累經驗,為以后在全國范圍內實行奠定夯實的基石。當然,這項推廣工作不能只依靠國家政策與地方性文件的指導,國家政策與指導性文件只能在宏觀上提供一個大的發(fā)展方向,而制定具體可行的操作辦法、破除相關法律法規(guī)的障礙以及構建相關的配套制度必不可少。規(guī)范這項推廣工作,能夠保護耕地安全,盡可能地充分使用土地資源不至于使其閑置或者浪費,保障農民的土地權益不受侵犯,這是推動農村集體經濟前進的重要動力。本文主要由三個部分的內容構成的:第一部分主要包括概念界定、詳細闡述理論基礎及政策演進,建立本文理論研究的基石。第二部分是著重研究存在的問題,主要分析法律制度上、實踐規(guī)則中以及土地規(guī)劃、農村社保、土地征收制度等配套制度等方面存在的不足與缺陷,多角度、更全面地找出入市出現(xiàn)的種種問題與困境。第三部分是在前兩部分內容的研究基礎上,對其入市規(guī)則提出完善建議,主要包括消除法律障礙、健全實踐規(guī)則以及完善配套制度等。
[Abstract]:After decades of persistence and efforts, profound changes have taken place in all aspects of our society, with a new social outlook, considerable progress in social productive forces, and steady acceleration of the process of industrialization. The expansion of urban scale is also in full swing. With it, large-scale urban expansion requires a large amount of construction land objectively, but the amount of state-owned construction land currently owned is certain. It has become increasingly difficult to supply the vast amount of land needed for urban expansion. In this environment, people are turning their attention to rural construction land and unlocking its potential value to solve the current predicament. Therefore, entering the market of collective operating construction land use right can reduce the pressure of insufficient construction land resources and lighten the burden of urban development. However, in our country, the right to use construction land to enter the market lacks the support of relevant laws and regulations. In order to enter the market, the state must first use the means of expropriation to convert it into state-owned land before it can enter the market to participate in market transactions. But in practice, because of the huge profits of the real estate market, Some local governments have always abused the land expropriation system in the name of public interest, forcibly expropriating rural collective land at very low prices and then converting it into state-owned land, and then selling it at a higher price to earn a high price difference. This kind of practice is often criticized and criticized by all walks of life in society. As we all know, land reform has always been one of the key tasks of the state. The third Plenary session of the 18 CPC Central Committee encouraged and supported the introduction of the right to the use of collective operating construction land. As a result, some local governments have responded to the call of the state and issued a series of local policy documents. It is worth mentioning that, It has been extended to more than 30 regions and will be extended to the whole country in the near future. Although it has the support and guidance of national policies and some local government policy documents, However, this work is a long-term complex project, and there will be many problems in the practice of pilot projects in various localities. This requires us to pay close attention to the actual implementation of each pilot project, to find problems in time and to sum up and accumulate experience. Of course, this extension cannot rely solely on the guidance of national policies and local documents, which can only provide a broad development direction at the macro level. It is essential to formulate concrete and feasible operation methods, to break down the obstacles of relevant laws and regulations and to build relevant supporting systems. Standardizing this extension work can protect the safety of cultivated land. The full use of land resources as far as possible will not cause them to be idle or wasteful, so as to ensure that peasants' land rights and interests are not infringed, This paper is composed of three parts: the first part mainly includes the definition of the concept, the detailed elaboration of the theoretical basis and the evolution of the policy. The second part focuses on the existing problems, mainly analyzes the deficiencies and defects in the legal system, practical rules and supporting systems such as land planning, rural social security, land expropriation system, etc. In the third part, on the basis of the research of the first two parts, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the rules of entering the market, mainly including eliminating the legal obstacles. Perfect the practice rule and perfect the supporting system and so on.
【學位授予單位】：安徽財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.3

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