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  本文關鍵詞： 最低生活保障 社會救助 法律對策　出處：《新疆財經(jīng)大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：城市居民最低生活保障制度是以保障城市居民的基本生活為目的，由政府根據(jù)本地的經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展水平和人民生活水平，合理制定當?shù)刈畹蜕畋Ｕ蠘藴示�，政府通過家計調查的方法確定家庭成員的收入，對低于保障標準的部分給于差額補助的一種社會救助制度。1999年10月1日實施《城市居民最低生活保障條例》標志著城市最低生活保障制度走向制度化、法律化的軌道。制度自實施以來在縮小貧富差距，化解社會矛盾、維護社會穩(wěn)定、保障公民的基本生存權利方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。但由于這項制度建立的時間并不長，在制度的設計和具體運行中仍有亟需解決的問題。本文從法律的角度，對城市居民最低生活保障制度的理論和實踐進行分析和研究，借鑒國外立法經(jīng)驗，提出對完善我國最低生活保障制度的法律對策，具有一定的現(xiàn)實意義。本文內(nèi)容及體例安排如下： 第一章，城市居民最低生活保障制度的概述。首先界定城市居民最低生活保障制度的概念，其次簡要回顧了我國最低生活保障制度的發(fā)展和變遷并簡析了低保制度建立的意義，在此基礎上對城市居民最低生活保障制度的法學理論進行了簡要分析，最后以《城市居民最低生活保障條例》為依據(jù)，結合地方實踐，對低保制度進行簡要介紹。 第二章，城市居民最低生活保障制度的立法缺陷及完善。首先論述了城市居民最低生活保障制度在立法方面存在的缺陷，其次通過國內(nèi)外立法經(jīng)驗的對比，建議立法機關在立法時首先明確國家責任理念，進而提升低保制度的立法層次，盡快出臺《社會救助法》，完善社會救助法律體系。 第三章，城市居民最低生活保障制度中保障標準問題及其解決。首先分析了保障標準在制定時法律依據(jù)過于籠統(tǒng)、保障標準制定權主體層次低、保障標準制定權的行使缺少法律規(guī)制三個問題，其次提出要明確保障標準與生存權的關系，對城市居民最低生活保障標準進行法制化的完善。 第四章，城市居民最低生活保障制度中家計調查問題及其解決。首先針對家計調查程序中調查主體不明確、調查方式缺少有效性的問題進行分析，其次對家計調查程序存在缺陷的原因進行分析，并提出完善家計調查程序的建議。 第五章，城市居民最低生活保障制度的深度思考。首先對資金籌集機制中資金負擔比例不明確，，缺乏穩(wěn)定籌資方式進行分析，其次提出通過合理分擔籌資比例、多渠道籌集資金、加強資金的監(jiān)管三個方面完善低保資金籌集機制。
[Abstract]:The minimum living security system for urban residents is to protect the basic life of urban residents, the government according to the local level of economic and social development and people's living standards, reasonable formulation of the local minimum standard of living line. The Government determines the income of family members through household surveys. A social assistance system in which the portion below the security standard is given a differential subsidy. The implementation of the regulations on the minimum living Security of Urban residents in October 1st 1999 marks the institutionalization of the minimum living security system in the city. . Since its implementation, the system has been narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, resolving social contradictions and maintaining social stability. The protection of citizens' basic survival rights has played an important role. However, because the establishment of this system is not long, there are still some problems that need to be solved in the design and operation of the system. This article from the perspective of the law. This paper analyzes and studies the theory and practice of the minimum living security system of urban residents, draws lessons from foreign legislative experience, and puts forward legal countermeasures to perfect the minimum living security system of our country. The content and style of this paper are as follows: The first chapter is an overview of the minimum living security system for urban residents. Firstly, the concept of the minimum living security system for urban residents is defined. Secondly, it briefly reviews the development and changes of the minimum living security system in China, and analyzes the significance of the establishment of the minimum living security system, on the basis of which the legal theory of the minimum living security system for urban residents is briefly analyzed. Finally, based on the regulations on the minimum living security of urban residents and local practice, this paper briefly introduces the system of minimum living security. The second chapter discusses the legislative defects and perfection of the minimum living security system for urban residents. Firstly, it discusses the defects in the legislation of the minimum living security system of urban residents, and then compares the legislative experience at home and abroad. It is suggested that the legislature should first clarify the concept of national responsibility, raise the legislative level of the minimum security system, issue the Social Assistance Law as soon as possible, and perfect the legal system of social assistance. The third chapter, the security standards in the minimum living security system of urban residents and their solutions. First of all, the legal basis of the security standards is too general, and the level of the main body of the right to establish the standards is low. There are three problems in the exercise of the right to ensure the establishment of the standard of living. Secondly, it is proposed that the relationship between the standard of guarantee and the right to life should be clearly defined and the minimum standard of living security for urban residents should be improved by law. Chapter 4th, the urban residents in the minimum living security system of household survey problems and their solutions. First of all, the survey procedures in the survey process is not clear, the lack of effectiveness of the survey methods to analyze the problems. Secondly, it analyzes the reasons of the defects of the family investigation procedure, and puts forward some suggestions to perfect the family investigation procedure. Chapter 5th, the urban residents of the minimum living security system in-depth thinking. First of all, the proportion of capital burden in the fund raising mechanism is not clear, the lack of stable financing methods are analyzed. Secondly, the paper puts forward to improve the mechanism of raising funds by sharing the proportion of raising funds reasonably, raising funds through multiple channels and strengthening the supervision of funds.
【學位授予單位】：新疆財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D632.1

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本文編號：1447127