本文選題：黑河中游　切入點(diǎn)：先秦　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：人類(lèi)的活動(dòng)與環(huán)境息息相關(guān),適宜的環(huán)境對(duì)人類(lèi)的生產(chǎn)生活有很大的促進(jìn)作用。黑河是我國(guó)第二大內(nèi)陸河,處在絲綢之路河西走廊段重要節(jié)點(diǎn),是西北地區(qū)最早大規(guī)模發(fā)展灌溉農(nóng)業(yè)的地區(qū),也是中亞內(nèi)陸干旱區(qū)形成演化和西部水土資源開(kāi)發(fā)利用最具代表性的地區(qū)。自人類(lèi)出現(xiàn)于黑河流域始,黑河中游一直是整個(gè)黑河流域最繁華的地段。經(jīng)過(guò)2000多年的開(kāi)發(fā)和利用,黑河中游產(chǎn)生了許許多多的環(huán)境問(wèn)題,不僅對(duì)本地區(qū)造成影響,甚至影響到周邊地區(qū)乃至整個(gè)國(guó)家的長(zhǎng)治久安。因此,研究歷史上黑河中游人類(lèi)活動(dòng)、氣候、環(huán)境三者之間的關(guān)系,對(duì)于保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境,助力經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展具有十分重要的意義。本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,利用社會(huì)科學(xué)和自然科學(xué)中有關(guān)黑河中游歷史上環(huán)境變化的研究,運(yùn)用歷史文獻(xiàn)和歷史地理的研究方法,通過(guò)實(shí)地考察,對(duì)黑河中游先秦和兩漢時(shí)期的人類(lèi)活動(dòng)、氣候變化和環(huán)境變遷進(jìn)行了分析。文章共分五個(gè)部分:第一章:緒論。主要對(duì)論文的選題背景與意義、學(xué)術(shù)史回顧、論文所用方法和思路進(jìn)行了描述。第二章:黑河中游地區(qū)的自然與社會(huì)概況。主要敘述了黑河中游的自然概況、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)情況和歷史沿革。第三章:先秦時(shí)期黑河中游的環(huán)境狀況。首先對(duì)黑河中游先秦時(shí)期出現(xiàn)的各類(lèi)考古學(xué)文化和人類(lèi)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行了介紹。自距今5000年至漢河西之戰(zhàn)之前,黑河中游先秦時(shí)期的考古學(xué)文化先后有馬家窯文化、西城驛文化、四壩文化、騸馬文化以及沙井文化等。在這一時(shí)期末期,月氏人和匈奴人先后成為這一片區(qū)域的主人。其次總結(jié)了這一時(shí)期黑河中游的氣候變化,自末次冰期結(jié)束至西漢河西之戰(zhàn)前,氣候有暖有冷,波動(dòng)發(fā)展。最后研究了這一時(shí)期環(huán)境的變化。這一時(shí)期,環(huán)境變化深受氣候的影響。人類(lèi)活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境的影響可忽略不計(jì)。這一時(shí)期已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)土地荒漠化。第四章:兩漢時(shí)期黑河中游的環(huán)境狀況。首先詳細(xì)介紹了兩漢時(shí)期黑河中游的歷史沿革。其次總結(jié)了兩漢時(shí)期氣候的變化。東漢晚期之前,氣候以暖干為主,東漢晚期以濕冷為主。最后研究了這一時(shí)期的環(huán)境變化。這一時(shí)期環(huán)境的變化仍以氣候變化為主導(dǎo),但是人類(lèi)活動(dòng)影響大大加強(qiáng),促進(jìn)了環(huán)境的變化。第五章:總結(jié)與啟示。對(duì)第三章和第四章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。同時(shí)研究對(duì)今后的發(fā)展具有很好的啟示作用。
[Abstract]:Human activities are closely related to the environment, and a suitable environment contributes greatly to the production and living of human beings. The Heihe River is the second largest inland river in China and is at an important node in the Western Corridor of the Silk Road. It is the earliest region in Northwest China to develop irrigated agriculture on a large scale. It is also the most representative area in the inland arid region of Central Asia and the most representative area in the exploitation and utilization of water and soil resources in the western part of the region. The middle reaches of the Heihe River have always been the most prosperous part of the whole Heihe River basin. After more than 2000 years of development and utilization, the middle reaches of the Heihe River have produced a lot of environmental problems, which not only have an impact on the region. It even affects the long-term stability of the surrounding areas and even the whole country. Therefore, to study the relationship among human activities, climate, and environment in the middle reaches of the Heihe River in history is of great importance to the protection of the local environment. It is of great significance to help the development of economy. On the basis of previous studies, this paper makes use of the research of social science and natural science on the historical environmental change in the middle reaches of the Heihe River, and applies the research methods of historical literature and historical geography. This paper analyzes the human activities, climate change and environmental changes in the middle reaches of Heihe River during the period of Pre-Qin and Han dynasties. The article is divided into five parts: chapter one: introduction. The methods and ideas used in the paper are described. Chapter two: the natural and social situation of the middle reaches of the Heihe River. The natural situation of the middle reaches of the Heihe River is mainly described. Social and economic situation and historical evolution. Chapter 3: environmental conditions of the Middle reaches of the Heihe River in the Pre-Qin period. Firstly, various archaeological cultures and human activities occurred in the Middle reaches of the Heihe River during the Pre-Qin period were introduced. From 5000 to the Western Han River War, In the middle reaches of the Heihe River, the archaeological culture of the pre-Qin period included the Majiayao culture, the Xicheng post culture, the Siba culture, the gelding culture and the manhole culture, etc. At the end of this period, The Yuezhi and the Huns became the masters of the region one after another. Secondly, the climate changes in the middle reaches of the Heihe River during this period were summed up. From the end of the last ice age to the pre-war period of the Western Han River, the climate was warm and cold. Finally, the change of environment in this period is studied. Environmental change is deeply influenced by climate. The impact of human activities on the environment can be neglected. Land desertification has occurred in this period. Chapter 4th: the environmental situation of the middle reaches of the Heihe River during the Han Dynasty. Firstly, the paper introduces the environmental situation of the middle reaches of the Heihe River in the Han Dynasty in detail. The historical evolution of the middle reaches of Heihe River in the Han Dynasty. Secondly, the climatic changes during the Han Dynasty were summarized. Before the late Eastern Han Dynasty, The climate is mainly warm and dry, and the late Eastern Han Dynasty is mainly wet and cold. Finally, the environmental changes of this period are studied. The climate change is still dominant in this period, but the influence of human activities is greatly strengthened. Chapter 5th: summary and revelation. The contents of Chapter 3 and Chapter 4th are summarized. At the same time, the study has a good enlightening effect on the future development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K928.6

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