本文關鍵詞： 襄陽 樊城 城市地理 軍事地位 城市格局　出處：《東北師范大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：兩宋時期的襄陽和樊城,位于漢江中游,兩城夾漢江而立,南為襄陽,北為樊城。襄陽和樊城,地理位置獨特,自古以來就是軍事重鎮(zhèn)。兩宋時期,民族矛盾突出,民族之間戰(zhàn)亂頻繁,襄陽和樊城長期位于政權交界地帶,軍事地位凸顯,成為戰(zhàn)爭前線,在宋金、宋蒙(元)對峙中,發(fā)揮著決定南宋朝廷生死存亡的巨大作用。在這樣的時代背景之下,襄陽和樊城的人口、經(jīng)濟、城市格局發(fā)生了巨大的變化。兩宋時期,襄、樊地區(qū)的人口發(fā)生過三次比較大的變動。北宋時期,襄陽和樊城社會局勢穩(wěn)定,人口平穩(wěn)快速增長,遷入人口比例增多;靖康之亂后,受宋金戰(zhàn)爭影響,北方人口大量南遷,進入襄陽和樊城地區(qū),而襄、樊土著居民則大量南遷進入荊湖南路甚至兩廣地區(qū);宋蒙對峙時期,移民浪潮加劇,襄、樊人口外遷加劇,襄樊保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)后,基本成為空城。北宋時期,襄陽和樊城處于比較和平穩(wěn)定的局勢之中,而且襄陽和樊城臨近漢水,雨水充足,水利設施也比較齊全,農(nóng)業(yè)、手工業(yè)、商業(yè)都呈現(xiàn)良性發(fā)展態(tài)勢;南宋時期,氣溫降低,水稻種植面積縮小,宋金戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)之后,襄陽長期處在戰(zhàn)火之中,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)遭到嚴重破壞,手工業(yè)和商業(yè)也遭到一定程度的破壞,但是,在一定程度上也促進了某些行業(yè)戰(zhàn)時經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,例如造船業(yè)、商業(yè)等。襄陽和樊城位于南北方過渡地帶,有“天下之中”、“九省通衢”之稱,水陸兼濟,是交通工具“南船北馬”的交界。以襄陽為起點向北可沿南襄隘道到達南陽,向西沿上津路直通長安,向南荊襄陸路和水路兼濟,向西沿漢襄道直入鄂州,四通八達的交通網(wǎng)為襄、樊的發(fā)展提供了重要條件,特別是在戰(zhàn)爭期間,為運送戰(zhàn)略物資提供了有利保障。因其獨特的地理位置和便利的交通網(wǎng),宋金、宋蒙多次在此發(fā)生激烈爭奪。宋金“紹興和議”后,襄、樊成為宋金對峙前線,南宋岳飛、吳拱、趙淳等將領都曾率軍在此戍守,加強兩城軍事戰(zhàn)略部署,利用該地有利的地形地勢進行抵抗,多次打退金軍入侵。金亡之后,宋蒙對峙,蒙古也將襄、樊作為進攻南宋的突破口,針對襄陽城高池深的特點進行持久圍困戰(zhàn),南宋守將堅守六年之后終被攻破,導致南宋門戶大開。襄陽城,發(fā)源于今襄陽城護城河西部“大城西壘”——楚之北津戍。西漢時設縣,建城墻,后城墻逐漸東移,到宋代時,東城墻移至今荊州街一帶,城高池深,形成襄陽城堅固的防御體系。樊城左右各有雁翅城雄立,內(nèi)外城圍為城內(nèi)提供了雙重屏障。襄陽城內(nèi)格局呈方形十字街式街巷格局,坊市呈棋盤式展開,公署建筑分布在城中東北部,沿北街排列;樊城呈走廊形沿漢江東西向延伸,形成自由街巷。
[Abstract]:Xiangyang and Fancheng in the Song Dynasty are located in the middle reaches of the Han River. The two cities are set up by the Han River, Xiangyang in the south and Fancheng in the north. Xiangyang and Fancheng have unique geographical position and have been military important towns since ancient times. Ethnic contradictions prominent, frequent war between ethnic groups, Xiangyang and Fancheng have long been located at the border of the regime, the military status is prominent, become the front line of war, in the Song and Jin, Song and Meng (Yuan) confrontation. Under this background, the population, economy and urban pattern of Xiangyang and Fancheng have undergone tremendous changes. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the social situation in Xiangyang and Fancheng was stable, the population grew steadily and rapidly, and the proportion of people moving in increased. Under the influence of the Song and Jin wars, the northern population moved southward into Xiangyang and Fancheng areas, while Xiang and Fan indigenous residents moved southward into Jing Hunan Lu and even Liangguang area. During the confrontation between Song and Mongolia, the tide of immigrants intensified, Xiang, Fan population emigrated, Xiangfan defense war, basically become an empty city. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Xiangyang and Fancheng were in a relatively peaceful and stable situation. And Xiangyang and Fancheng near the Hanshui, Rain Water is sufficient, water conservancy facilities are relatively complete, agriculture, handicrafts, commerce are showing a benign development situation; During the Southern Song Dynasty, the temperature decreased, rice planting area shrank, after the Song and Jin wars broke out, Xiangyang was in war for a long time, agricultural production was seriously damaged, handicraft and commerce were also damaged to a certain extent, but. To a certain extent, it also promoted the development of wartime economy in certain industries, such as shipbuilding, commerce, etc. Xiangyang and Fancheng are located in the transitional zone between the south and the north. Xiangyang as the starting point can reach Nanyang along the South Xiang pass Road, west along the Shangjin Road to Chang'an, Nanjingxiang Road land and waterway Jiji, the west along the Han Xiang Road straight into Ezhou. The transportation network in all directions provided important conditions for the development of Xiang and Fan, especially during the war, which provided a favorable guarantee for the transportation of strategic goods, because of its unique geographical location and convenient transportation network, Song and Jin dynasties. After the Song and Jin dynasties "Shaoxing Peace Conference," Xiang and Fan became the front lines of the Song and Jin confrontation. The Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, Wu Gong, Zhao Chun, and other generals once led troops to garrison here to strengthen the military strategic deployment of the two cities. The favorable terrain was used to resist the invasion of the gold army. After the death of the Jin Dynasty, the Song and Meng confrontation, Mongolia will also participate, Fan as a breakthrough to attack the Southern Song Dynasty. Xiangyang City in accordance with the characteristics of a lasting siege of the characteristics of the Gaochi, the Southern Song Dynasty will adhere to six years after the final attack, leading to the Southern Song gate opened. Xiangyang City. Originated in the west of Xiangyang city moat, "Great City West Barrier"-Chu North Jin garrison. The Western Han Dynasty built a county wall, after the wall gradually moved eastward, to the Song Dynasty, the east wall moved to Jingzhou Street area, the city high pool deep. Xiangyang City formed a solid defense system. Fancheng each has wild goose wings around the city, inside and outside the city to provide a double barrier. Xiangyang City pattern is a square cross street street pattern, the city is chessboard. Office buildings in the northeast of the city, along the North Street; Fancheng corridor along the east-west extension of the Hanjiang River, forming a free street.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K928.6

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