本文選題：人口老齡化 + 社會(huì)發(fā)展��； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需要良好的人口環(huán)境,所謂良好的人口環(huán)境則指適量的人口、較高的人口素質(zhì)及合理的人口結(jié)構(gòu)。而人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化,則說(shuō)明了人口年齡結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了根本的變化,毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),這種變化將給一個(gè)社會(huì)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化帶來(lái)重大影響,新的影響勢(shì)必要求我們對(duì)多種社會(huì)關(guān)系和社會(huì)活動(dòng)做出適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整,從而使其與變動(dòng)的人口年齡結(jié)構(gòu)相適應(yīng)。 西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的發(fā)展歷史表明,人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化是現(xiàn)代化的一大標(biāo)志,是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展到一定階段尤其是經(jīng)濟(jì)相對(duì)富裕,社會(huì)相對(duì)文明,居民生活相對(duì)安定后的必然產(chǎn)物。但值得說(shuō)明的是,人口老齡化雖然是現(xiàn)代化的一個(gè)標(biāo)志,但它不是現(xiàn)代化的目標(biāo),它更是現(xiàn)代化的副產(chǎn)品。人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)的養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題加劇和勞動(dòng)力短缺從而導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)緩慢乃至停滯,而停滯的經(jīng)濟(jì)則使社會(huì)的養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題更加嚴(yán)峻。 改革開(kāi)放三十多年來(lái),我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展取得極大成就,舉國(guó)上下在通往現(xiàn)代化的路子上邁出了一大步,而人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化在計(jì)劃生育這一基本國(guó)策的長(zhǎng)期落實(shí)之下,也提前到來(lái)了。安徽地區(qū)以農(nóng)業(yè)為主,外出務(wù)工人員相對(duì)較多。人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化也相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重。據(jù)有關(guān)部門(mén)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),1998年安徽省65歲及以上的老年人口比重已經(jīng)達(dá)到7.02%,標(biāo)志著安徽省人口年齡結(jié)構(gòu)已轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槔夏晷?且比全國(guó)提早進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì),同時(shí),安徽人口老齡化的程度和增長(zhǎng)速度始終保持在全國(guó)前列。正是基于這一事實(shí),筆者選取了安徽地區(qū)作為對(duì)象研究人口老齡化與社會(huì)發(fā)展的關(guān)系。 人口學(xué)理論認(rèn)為,低生育率、低死亡率與預(yù)期壽命的延長(zhǎng)是人口老齡化產(chǎn)生的原因,同時(shí)這也是人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化的標(biāo)志。對(duì)于為何出現(xiàn)低生育率、低死亡率和預(yù)期壽命延長(zhǎng)這三種現(xiàn)象,人口學(xué)者已給了多種解釋。但西方人口理論由于缺乏中國(guó)的獨(dú)特國(guó)情這一理論基石,故用來(lái)解釋中國(guó)人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化提前到來(lái)這一問(wèn)題時(shí)遇到局限,它們不能解釋我國(guó)“未富先老”的社會(huì)事實(shí),而西方人口學(xué)家針對(duì)西方的老齡化開(kāi)出的藥方,比如福利國(guó)家也難以解決中國(guó)面臨的老齡化病癥。 就目前而言,人口老齡問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今具有世界意義的問(wèn)題,人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化既關(guān)涉到每一個(gè)社會(huì)成員,又會(huì)影響到經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面,并且這兩個(gè)因素會(huì)互相貫通。 具體地來(lái)看,人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化會(huì)影響到社會(huì)的結(jié)構(gòu)和社會(huì)關(guān)系,而這些則將我們常見(jiàn)的養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療健康、家庭等問(wèn)題凸顯出來(lái)。另一方面,人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化會(huì)影響文化觀念和教育事業(yè)的發(fā)展。如何應(yīng)對(duì)人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)也是學(xué)界一直關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),筆者認(rèn)為,我們必須堅(jiān)持用馬克思主義理論來(lái)武裝自己,從安徽省的客觀情況出發(fā),統(tǒng)籌兼顧、綜合考慮我們碰到的特殊問(wèn)題。除此之外,我們還要大力發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì),以提高應(yīng)對(duì)人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化的壓力,建立與完善相應(yīng)的政策法律法規(guī)和社會(huì)保障制度也是應(yīng)對(duì)人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化的重要手段。事實(shí)上,完善老齡化社會(huì)的社會(huì)保障機(jī)制,從制度層面保障老年人的合法權(quán)益,以讓老齡人口“老有所用,老有所養(yǎng),老有所樂(lè)”,即將人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化轉(zhuǎn)化為健康老齡化才是應(yīng)對(duì)人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化問(wèn)題的根本對(duì)策,在這一點(diǎn)上,安徽理應(yīng)走出一條具有社會(huì)主義特色的老齡化問(wèn)題解決之路。 安徽省人口老齡化是安徽經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì),是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇并存的人口運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程,對(duì)安徽省的社會(huì)發(fā)展將產(chǎn)生廣泛而深遠(yuǎn)的影響。有鑒于此,本文運(yùn)用人口轉(zhuǎn)變理論、福利經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和健康老齡化理論,探討安徽人口老齡化對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的有利與不利影響。與此同時(shí),筆者也將對(duì)安徽省人口由成年型轉(zhuǎn)向老年型這一人口轉(zhuǎn)變做出解釋。另外,在分析人口現(xiàn)狀及人口老齡化給社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展造成的影響之后,筆者還會(huì)結(jié)合安徽省具體的省情提出幾點(diǎn)對(duì)策,以?huà)伌u引玉。通過(guò)研究我們將認(rèn)識(shí)到老齡化問(wèn)題在安徽省的迫切性。因此,相關(guān)部門(mén)應(yīng)在抓住人口老齡化機(jī)遇的同時(shí),更要注重人口老齡化給社會(huì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn),以及時(shí)做好準(zhǔn)備工作,將人口老齡化的壓力有效轉(zhuǎn)化為社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的推動(dòng)力,同時(shí)將人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的不利因素轉(zhuǎn)化為對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的有利因素,最終加快安徽的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The economic development of a country needs a good population environment, and the so-called good population environment refers to the proper population, the higher quality of the population and the reasonable population structure. And the aging of the population structure shows that the age structure of the population has undergone fundamental changes. No doubt, this change will give a social political, economic, and text. The new impact is bound to make appropriate adjustments to a variety of social relations and social activities so that it adapts to a changing population age structure.
The history of the development of western developed countries shows that the aging of the population structure is a major symbol of modernization. It is the inevitable product of the economic and social development to a certain stage, especially the relative prosperity of the economy, the relative civilization of the society and the relative stability of the residents' life. However, it is worth explaining that the aging of the population is a symbol of modernization, but it is not a symbol of modernization. The goal of modernization is a modern by-product. The aging of the population structure will lead to the aggravation of the social pension problems and the shortage of labor force, which leads to the slow economic growth and the stagnation, while the stagnant economy makes the social pension problem more serious.
Over the past thirty years of reform and opening up, the development of our country's economic and social development has made great achievements. The country has taken a big step in the road to modernization, and the aging of the population structure has come ahead in the long run of the basic national policy of family planning. The Anhui area is mainly agricultural and the migrant workers are relatively large. Population, population, is relatively large. The aging of the structure is also very serious. According to the statistics of relevant departments, the proportion of aged 65 and above in Anhui has reached 7.02% in 1998, which indicates that the age structure of the population of Anhui has changed into the old type, and it has entered the aging society earlier than the whole country. At the same time, the degree and growth rate of the aging of the people of Anhui have always been kept in the whole. On the basis of this fact, the author chose Anhui as an object to study the relationship between population aging and social development.
The demographic theory holds that low fertility, low mortality and prolonged life expectancy are the causes of aging population, and this is also a sign of the aging of population structure. Demographers have given a variety of explanations for the three phenomena of low fertility, low mortality and prolonged life expectancy. China's unique national conditions are the cornerstone of the theory, so it is limited to explain the early arrival of the aging population of China's population structure. They cannot explain the social fact that China is "not rich before the old", and the Western demographers prescribe the prescription of the aging of the west, such as the welfare state, which is difficult to solve the aging of China. Illness.
At present, the problem of population aging has become a worldwide problem. The aging of the population structure is not only related to every member of the society, but also affects all aspects of economic and social life, and these two factors will interconnect with each other.
In particular, the aging of the population structure will affect the social structure and social relations, which will highlight the common problems of our old age, medical health and family. On the other hand, the aging of the population structure will affect the development of cultural concepts and educational undertakings. How to deal with the challenges of the aging of the population structure is also the academic circle. The focus of our attention is that we must adhere to the theory of Marx's doctrine to arm ourselves, start from the objective situation of Anhui Province, give consideration to all the special problems we have encountered. In addition, we must vigorously develop the economy in order to improve the pressure to cope with the aging of the population structure and establish and improve the corresponding policies. The policy laws and regulations and the social security system are also the important means to deal with the aging of the population structure. In fact, improving the social security mechanism of the aging society and guaranteeing the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly from the institutional level so as to make the aging population "old, old and old, old and happy", and turn the aging of the population structure into a healthy aging. It is the fundamental countermeasure to deal with the aging problem of population structure. In this regard, Anhui should go out of the way to solve the problem of aging with socialist characteristics.
The aging of population in Anhui province is an inevitable trend of economic and social development in Anhui. It is a process of population movement with both challenges and opportunities, which will have extensive and far-reaching influence on the social development of Anhui province. At the same time, the author will also explain the population change from adult to old age type in Anhui province. In addition, after analyzing the current situation of population and the impact of population aging on social and economic development, the author will also put forward several countermeasures in combination with specific provincial situation in Anhui Province, in order to throw bricks and bricks. Through the study, we will recognize the urgency of the aging problem in Anhui province. Therefore, the relevant departments should pay more attention to the challenges brought by the aging of the population to the social development, in order to make preparations for the aging of the population and transform the aging pressure into the impetus of the social and economic development. At the same time, the unfavorable factors of aging of population structure to the society will be transformed into favorable factors for social development, and ultimately accelerate the economic and social development of Anhui.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：C924.25

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 劉濤;都市報(bào)中的老年人形象再現(xiàn)分析[D];安徽大學(xué);2012年

2 仲晨;遼寧省人口結(jié)構(gòu)變化對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的影響研究[D];遼寧大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：2108925