本文選題：失獨者 + 身份認同��； 參考：《華中師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在獨生子女政策實施30多年后,隨著第一代獨生子女父母邁入老年人群體,特別是獨生子女家庭出現(xiàn)的“失獨”事件,帶來了失獨父母的養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療、精神慰藉等一系列問題,也引發(fā)了失獨者自我認同、社會認同、社會關系等方面的危機與變化,“失獨者”、“失獨家庭”等開始成為社會問題的專有名詞。獨生子女離世后,失獨者往往陷入無法自拔的沉重悲痛中,其精神狀態(tài)受到極大的打擊,甚至出現(xiàn)不同程度上的精神疾病;面對現(xiàn)實生活,失獨者往往選擇逃避,逐漸封閉自我,其身份認同也開始出現(xiàn)危機,把自我與他者區(qū)別開來,主動抑或是被動地排斥社會交往。然而,人生而不能無群,同樣是社會人的失獨者,雖然在失獨之初是分散的、原子化的個體,但在其精神需求等方面亟待滿足時,也開始自覺或不自覺地去尋求新的群體歸屬和身份認同。筆者從失獨者身份認同的角度出發(fā),沿著“危機—重構—影響”的思路,全面分析了失獨者身份認同危機與重構的過程,研究發(fā)現(xiàn):在失獨事件發(fā)生后,絕望的情感體驗與同情感機制的失靈使得失獨者逐漸封閉自我,身份認同出現(xiàn)危機,主動與被動的互動排斥使得失獨者的社會關系全面斷裂。由于舊身份的不可逆轉性,重構新的身份認同是失獨者走出身份認同危機的必然選擇。而失獨的共同處境、現(xiàn)代社會的開放性、流動性、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)媒介作用及失獨群體中精英分子的領導熱情為失獨者的身份認同重構提供了條件和基礎。在重構的“同命人”身份下,失獨者的情感需求得到滿足,群體內(nèi)的互動交往逐漸增多,社會參與度不斷提升,實現(xiàn)了社會的再融入。然而,“同命人”身份的構建,也帶來一系列消極的影響,情感共鳴與維權挫折使得失獨者群體內(nèi)部更容易孳生及蔓延集體性的負面情緒;失獨者的社會交往僅僅局限于“同命人”內(nèi)部,并不斷強化者與外群體之間的界限,一定程度上阻礙著失獨者的社會融入;另外,隨著維權行動的愈演愈烈、規(guī)模不斷擴大,“維權”似乎成了部分失獨者生活的全部或中心,且不斷提出過度“特殊化”的權益訴求。
[Abstract]:More than 30 years after the implementation of the one-child policy, with the first generation of one-child parents entering the elderly group, especially the one-child family, the event of "losing independence" has brought about a series of problems such as old-age care, medical treatment, and spiritual comfort for the parents who have lost their independence.It also led to the crisis and change of self-identity, social identity, social relationship and so on. "lost independence" and "lost independence family" began to become the proper terms of social problems.After the death of an only child, those who lost independence are often caught in a heavy grief that cannot be extricated from their lives, and their mental state is greatly hit, and even mental illness of varying degrees occurs. In the face of real life, the unemployed often choose to escape.Gradually closed self, its identity also began to appear crisis, to distinguish between self and others, active or passive exclusion of social interaction.However, life cannot be without a group. It is also a person who has lost his independence in society. Although he is a dispersed, atomized individual at the beginning of his loss of independence, his spiritual needs are urgently to be satisfied.Also began to consciously or unconsciously to seek new group ownership and identity.From the point of view of identity of lost independence, the author analyzes the process of identity crisis and reconstruction of lost independence in a comprehensive way along with the idea of "crisis-reconstruction-influence", and finds that: after the event of loss of independence occurs,The failure of the desperate emotional experience and the same emotional mechanism causes the losing of independence to close themselves gradually, the identity crisis, and the active and passive interactive rejection make the social relationship of the lost independence break completely.Because of the irreversibility of the old identity, the reconstruction of the new identity is the inevitable choice for the loser to walk out of the identity crisis.The common situation of losing independence, the openness and mobility of modern society, the role of Internet media and the leadership enthusiasm of elite members of the lost independence group provide the condition and foundation for the identity reconstruction of the lost independence group.Under the reconstructed identity of "the same destiny person", the emotional needs of the people who lost independence are satisfied, the interaction within the group increases gradually, the degree of social participation is rising, and the social re-integration is realized.However, the construction of the identity of "the same destiny" also brings a series of negative effects. Emotional resonance and frustration of safeguarding rights make it easier to breed and spread the collective negative emotions within the group of lost independence.The social interaction of the disenfranchised is confined to the "one person with the same destiny", and the boundary between the individual and the outside group is constantly strengthened, which to some extent impedes the social integration of the disabling; in addition, as the action of safeguarding rights becomes more and more intense, the scale continues to expand.Protecting rights seems to be the whole or center of the life of some of the disenfranchised, and the rights and interests of excessive "specialization" continue to be demanded.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C924.21;C912.64

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