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  本文選題：老年撫養(yǎng)比 + 總撫養(yǎng)比�。� 參考：《遼寧大學》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：人口撫養(yǎng)比是衡量人口結構變化的重要指標,包括老年撫養(yǎng)比、少兒撫養(yǎng)比、總撫養(yǎng)比。由于計劃生育的作用,少兒撫養(yǎng)比不斷下降。老年撫養(yǎng)比是衡量人口老齡化程度的重要指標,老年撫養(yǎng)比持續(xù)上升,社會和家庭的養(yǎng)老負擔越來越重；總撫養(yǎng)比是反映人口紅利的重要指標,一旦總撫養(yǎng)比上升,中國將由人口紅利期進入人口負債期。本文專門研究中國人口撫養(yǎng)比上升對勞動者報酬的影響,主要包括老年撫養(yǎng)比上升和總撫養(yǎng)比上升共同作用對勞動者報酬的影響。 按國際標準中國2000年進入老齡化社會,2010年老年撫養(yǎng)比已經上升為11%,并且在未來還會繼續(xù)上升。 從生產角度來看,社會財富主要由處于勞動年齡的就業(yè)人口創(chuàng)造的,老年撫養(yǎng)比上升意味著勞動力在總人口中的比重降低,老年人口比例越來越高。當老年撫養(yǎng)比上升到一定程度,使總撫養(yǎng)比由下降轉為上升時,意味著經濟由人口紅利期進入人口負債期,經濟增長開始減速。 勞動者報酬是GDP的一部分,因而受到老年撫養(yǎng)比上升的間接影響；另外總撫養(yǎng)比上升直接影響制約勞動者報酬增長,兩者存在明顯的統(tǒng)計相關性并通過了檢驗,而老年撫養(yǎng)比不斷上升,少兒撫養(yǎng)撫養(yǎng)比下降,總撫養(yǎng)比上升越來越由老年撫養(yǎng)比來主導,則老年撫養(yǎng)比上升對勞動者報酬增長的負作用將越來越明顯。 從分配的角度來看,由于社會和家庭需要承擔養(yǎng)老的代際責任,老年撫養(yǎng)比上升意味著更多的資金用于老年人,社會養(yǎng)老醫(yī)療的繳費率提高,家庭養(yǎng)老支出也在增長,社會財富轉移給老年人養(yǎng)老支出的部分在增長,如果其他條件不變,則勞動者報酬占GDP的份額和家庭可支配收入相對下降。 分析人口撫養(yǎng)比上升對勞動者報酬的影響因素、途徑及效果,最終目的是通過中介途徑條件的改變緩解撫養(yǎng)比上升對勞動者報酬增長和生活水平提高的制約,保障勞動者的報酬及生活水平不下降,避免老年貧困。 為減輕人口撫養(yǎng)比過高對勞動者報酬的影響,提出的對策主要包括：穩(wěn)健的人口政策,減緩老年撫養(yǎng)比上升速度,有利于我國更好地利用人口紅利期積累財富；公平的收入分配政策,逐步提高勞動者報酬的比例；健全勞動力市場和工資增長機制；健全社會保障制度,保障勞動者晚年生活；加快經濟增長方式轉變；加強法制建設和文化引導等。
[Abstract]:Population dependency ratio is an important index to measure the change of population structure, including old age dependency ratio, child dependency ratio and total dependency ratio.Due to the role of family planning, the child-rearing ratio is declining.The old-age dependency ratio is an important index to measure the aging degree of the population. As the old-age dependency ratio continues to rise, the social and family old-age burden becomes heavier and heavier, and the total dependency ratio is an important indicator of the demographic dividend, once the total dependency ratio rises,China will move from demographic dividend period to population debt period.This paper focuses on the effects of the rising dependency ratio of the Chinese population on the wages of workers, including the effects of the rising dependency ratio of the elderly and the total dependency ratio on the wages of the workers.According to international standards, China entered an aging society in 2000, the old-age dependency ratio has risen to 11% in 2010, and will continue to rise in the future.From the point of view of production, social wealth is mainly created by the employed population of working age. The rising dependency ratio of the elderly means that the proportion of labor force in the total population is lower and the proportion of the elderly population is higher and higher.When the old age dependency ratio rises to a certain extent, so that the total dependency ratio changes from declining to rising, it means that the economy from the demographic dividend period into the population debt period, economic growth began to slow down.Workers' compensation is a part of GDP, which is indirectly affected by the increase of dependency ratio in old age. In addition, the increase of total dependency ratio has a direct effect on the increase of workers' remuneration, which has obvious statistical correlation and has passed the test.However, the elderly dependency ratio is rising, the child dependency ratio is decreasing, and the total dependency ratio is more and more dominated by the old age dependency ratio, then the increase of the old age dependency ratio will have more and more negative effect on the increase of workers' pay.From the perspective of distribution, because society and families need to bear the intergenerational responsibility for the aged, the rising old-age dependency ratio means that more funds are spent on the elderly, the contribution rate of social old-age medical care is increasing, and the family old-age expenditure is also increasing.The share of social wealth transferred to the elderly is growing, and if other conditions remain unchanged, the share of workers in GDP and household disposable income are falling.This paper analyzes the influencing factors, approaches and effects of the rising population dependency ratio on the workers' remuneration. The ultimate aim is to alleviate the constraints of the rising dependency ratio on the increase of the workers' remuneration and the improvement of their living standards through the change of the conditions of the intermediary channels.To ensure that the wages and living standards of workers do not fall, to avoid poverty in old age.In order to reduce the influence of the high dependency ratio on the workers' remuneration, the countermeasures are as follows: steady population policy, slowing down the rising speed of the old dependency ratio, which is conducive to making better use of the population dividend period to accumulate wealth in our country;Fair income distribution policy to gradually increase the proportion of workers' remuneration; improve the labor market and wage growth mechanism; improve the social security system to ensure the livelihood of workers in old age; accelerate the transformation of economic growth mode;Strengthen the construction of legal system and cultural guidance.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：F249.2;C924.2

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 李慧娟;;新世紀我國未成年撫養(yǎng)度演變歷程及影響[J];中國青年研究;2012年08期

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 景妍;延長退休年齡對現(xiàn)階段就業(yè)增長的影響及實證研究[D];山西財經大學;2012年

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本文編號：1751212