【摘要】： 新民主主義革命是由無產(chǎn)階級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的,人民大眾的,反對帝國主義、封建主義和官僚資本主義的革命。這是毛澤東把馬克思主義的革命理論同中國殖民地、半殖民地和半封建社會的實(shí)際相結(jié)合,同全世界處在無產(chǎn)階級革命時代的大潮相結(jié)合,在總結(jié)世界和中國革命的經(jīng)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上所提出的適應(yīng)中國革命前途,揭示中國革命基本規(guī)律的基本結(jié)論,新民主主義理論歷史性地建構(gòu)了社會主義理想與中國社會現(xiàn)實(shí)之合理張力,找到了通向社會主義理想的革命道路。 馬克思主義理論與實(shí)踐本身所包含的內(nèi)在緊張要求合理建構(gòu)理想與現(xiàn)實(shí)之張力。理論必須與特定的歷史條件相結(jié)合,與特定的民族傳統(tǒng)相結(jié)合,即必須要民族地、辯證地、歷史地把握理想與現(xiàn)實(shí)的關(guān)系,在實(shí)踐中發(fā)展馬克思主義。新民主義理論的成功正是在于既堅持社會主義理想又從中國社會現(xiàn)實(shí)出發(fā),在馬克思主義和中國社會結(jié)合的內(nèi)在機(jī)制上歷史性地建構(gòu)起理想與現(xiàn)實(shí)之合理張力。新民主主義理論分為新民主主義革命論和新民主主義社會論,新民主主義革命實(shí)質(zhì)上是由無產(chǎn)階級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的資產(chǎn)階級革命,它區(qū)別于以往的舊民主主義革命,也區(qū)別于一般的社會主義革命;它堅持社會主義的崇高理想,又從中國的社會現(xiàn)實(shí)出發(fā),建立起最廣泛的統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線完成中國的革命任務(wù)。新民主主義社會是革命成功后向社會主義社會過渡的必經(jīng)社會形態(tài),它符合中國社會發(fā)展的規(guī)律。但后來由于種種原因中國共產(chǎn)黨中斷了新民主主義社會,在條件還不夠成熟的前提下向社會主義過渡,這就使得后來實(shí)踐脫離中國的社會現(xiàn)實(shí),過分強(qiáng)化理想,弱化和忽略了中國的社會現(xiàn)實(shí),陷入了理想狂熱,導(dǎo)致實(shí)踐的挫折,造成中國社會的歷史悲劇。 新的時代主題呼喚新的張力結(jié)構(gòu),中國特色社會主義理論是在和平與發(fā)展成為時代主題的時期所提出的中國化的馬克思主義。中國現(xiàn)階段的生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展水平還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到馬克思主義關(guān)于社會主義社會的描述,即中國目前的社會主義還是不合格的社會主義。在這種情形下如何避免狂熱地追求最高理想,如何避免消極悲觀放棄理想追求,都是擺在中國共產(chǎn)黨面前的艱巨任務(wù)。毛澤東思想開創(chuàng)了建構(gòu)理想與現(xiàn)實(shí)張力的成功典范,也留下了理想與現(xiàn)實(shí)張力失衡的歷史教訓(xùn)。中國特色社會主義理論作為與毛澤東思想“一脈相承”又“與時俱進(jìn)”的新理論成果,必須正確把握理想訴求和現(xiàn)實(shí)主張,以史為鑒、放眼未來,實(shí)現(xiàn)馬克思主義中國化“繼承與發(fā)展”,堅持和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義道路,為實(shí)現(xiàn)共產(chǎn)主義而奮斗。
[Abstract]:The new democratic revolution is a revolution led by the proletariat and the masses against imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism. This is Mao Zedong's combination of Marxist revolutionary theory with the realities of the colonial, semi-colonial and semi-feudal societies of China and with the great tide of the world in the era of proletarian revolution. On the basis of summing up the experience of the world and the Chinese revolution, the basic conclusion is put forward to adapt to the future of the Chinese revolution and to reveal the basic laws of the Chinese revolution. The theory of new democracy has historically constructed the reasonable tension between the socialist ideal and the social reality of China and found the revolutionary road leading to the socialist ideal. The inherent tension of Marxist theory and practice requires the rational construction of the tension between ideal and reality. The theory must be combined with the specific historical conditions and the specific national traditions, that is to say, we must grasp the relationship between ideal and reality in the national land, dialectically and historically, and develop Marxism in practice. The success of the new democratic theory lies in not only adhering to the socialist ideal but also proceeding from the Chinese social reality, and constructing the rational tension between the ideal and the reality on the internal mechanism of the combination of Marxism and Chinese society. The theory of new democracy is divided into the theory of new democratic revolution and the theory of new democratic society. In essence, the new democratic revolution is a bourgeois revolution led by the proletariat, which is different from the old democratic revolution. It is also different from the general socialist revolution; It adheres to the lofty ideals of socialism and, proceeding from China's social reality, establishes the broadest United front to complete China's revolutionary task. The new democratic society is the necessary social form of the transition from the revolution to the socialist society, which accords with the law of social development in China. However, due to various reasons, the Communist Party of China interrupted the new democratic society and transitioned to socialism on the premise that the conditions were not mature enough. This led to the practice of deviating from the social reality of China and excessively strengthening its ideals. It weakens and ignores the social reality of China, falls into ideal fanaticism, leads to practical setbacks and causes historical tragedy of Chinese society. The new theme of the times calls for a new tension structure, and the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a Sinicized Marxism put forward in the period of peace and development as the theme of the times. The development level of productive forces in China at the present stage is far from the description of socialist society by Marxism, that is, the current socialism in China is still unqualified socialism. Under such circumstances, how to avoid pursuing the highest ideal passionately and how to avoid negative pessimism and give up the ideal pursuit are all the arduous tasks facing the Communist Party of China. Mao Zedong thought created a successful example of constructing ideal and realistic tension, and also left a historical lesson of imbalance between ideal and realistic tension. The theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, as a new theoretical achievement "in the same vein" and "keeping pace with the times" with Mao Zedong thought, must correctly grasp the ideal demands and realistic propositions, take history as a mirror and look forward to the future. To carry forward and develop Marxism in China, to adhere to and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, and to strive for the realization of communism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：A841.6

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