【摘要】：公民申訴權(quán)指的是申訴主體因其權(quán)益遭受公權(quán)力執(zhí)行者的職務侵害,依法向法律規(guī)定的特定機關提出撤銷、變更原處理決定,或責令改正、恢復原貌并賠償損失的權(quán)利。公民申訴制度的產(chǎn)生是行政權(quán)力不斷擴張,行政救濟渠道多元化的產(chǎn)物。其實質(zhì)是公民私權(quán)利對抗行政公權(quán)力。自1809年瑞典首開以監(jiān)察專員的形式受理公民申訴的先河以來,申訴救濟行政相對人權(quán)利、有效監(jiān)督并抑制公權(quán)力擴張的功效逐漸為世界各國認可并接受。我國憲法第41條雖然對公民申訴權(quán)有所規(guī)定,但由于沒有單獨的公民申訴及申訴權(quán)行使方面的立法,致使申訴只能在公務員、教師等少數(shù)群體中得到有效實踐,且因為憲法中的規(guī)定較為籠統(tǒng),上述群體在進行申訴實踐的過程中也往往因為缺少具體程序的保護而舉步維艱,而其他公民的申訴權(quán)行使起來則更為艱辛。有鑒于此,筆者綜合域外公民申訴及申訴權(quán)保障制度的相關理論經(jīng)驗,結(jié)合我國特殊國情,以我國公民申訴的歷史發(fā)展為脈絡,以構(gòu)建社會主義法治化和諧社會為背景,站在憲法原則與行政法治的平臺上,從權(quán)利救濟與權(quán)力制約的角度出發(fā),對我國公民申訴及申訴權(quán)保障重新進行法律定位,繼而提出對我國公民申訴權(quán)保障制度的理想建構(gòu)。 本文分為四章:第一章對本文的主要研究內(nèi)容和研究方法進行簡單的介紹。第二章首先界定了申訴的概念及其種類,然后在分析、綜合學術界關于公民申訴概念的基礎上,對公民申訴權(quán)的概念進行重新界定。并以史實為依據(jù),指明公民申訴權(quán)及申訴權(quán)保障在我國法治化進程中的重要作用。第三章指出了我國公民申訴權(quán)保障所面臨的雙重困境,并結(jié)合理論與實踐經(jīng)驗從不同角度闡釋與分析申訴權(quán)保障所面臨的困境及其成因。第四章是本文的重點,在對公民申訴權(quán)進行定位后,綜合我國目前申訴權(quán)保障所面臨的困境及困境產(chǎn)生的原因,從公民申訴權(quán)保障的模式選擇、基本原則、時代要求出發(fā),對構(gòu)建具體的申訴權(quán)保障制度提出建議,希望能對我國的申訴制度立法提供理論支撐,并指導我國的申訴制度實踐。
[Abstract]:Citizen's right of complaint refers to the right of the subject of appeal to be infringed upon by the executor of public power because of his rights and interests, to put forward the revocation to the specific organ stipulated by law, to change the original disposition decision, or to order the right to correct, restore the original appearance and compensate for the loss according to law. The emergence of citizen appeal system is the result of the expansion of administrative power and the diversification of administrative relief channels. Its essence is the private rights of citizens against the administrative public power. Since Sweden first accepted citizens' complaints in the form of ombudsman in 1809, the effect of relief of administrative rights, effective supervision and suppression of the expansion of public power has gradually been recognized and accepted by countries all over the world. Article 41 of our Constitution provides for the right of citizens to appeal, but because there is no separate legislation on civil complaints and the exercise of the right to appeal, complaints can only be effectively practiced in civil servants, teachers and other minority groups. And because of the general provisions of the Constitution, the above groups in the process of complaint practice are often difficult because of the lack of specific procedures to protect, and other citizens to exercise the right of appeal is more difficult. In view of this, the author synthesizes the relevant theoretical experience of the system of citizens' appeal and the right of appeal, combining with the special situation of our country, taking the historical development of our country's citizen appeal as the context, taking the construction of the socialist legalized harmonious society as the background. Standing on the platform of constitutional principle and administrative rule of law, from the angle of right relief and power restriction, this paper redefines the legal position of our country's citizen's appeal and right of appeal, and then puts forward the ideal construction of our country's citizen's right of appeal guarantee system. This paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter introduces the main research contents and research methods. The second chapter firstly defines the concept and types of appeal, then redefines the concept of citizen's right of appeal on the basis of analyzing and synthesizing the concept of citizen's appeal in academic circles. On the basis of historical facts, the author points out the important role of citizen's right of appeal and its guarantee in the process of ruling by law in our country. The third chapter points out the double dilemma of the protection of the right of appeal in our country, and explains and analyzes the dilemma and the causes of the protection of the right of appeal from different angles combined with the theory and practical experience. The fourth chapter is the focal point of this paper, after positioning the citizen's right of appeal, synthesizing the predicament and the reason of the predicament that our country is facing at present, starting from the mode choice, basic principle, times request of the citizen's right of appeal protection. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the construction of a specific system of safeguarding the right to appeal, hoping to provide theoretical support for the legislation of the appeal system in our country and to guide the practice of the appeal system in our country.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.1

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本文編號：2178520