【摘要】：民主是杜威教育哲學(xué)中的首要概念。不過,杜威并不滿足于自由主義者之前所構(gòu)造的那種占據(jù)統(tǒng)治地位的"程序性民主"的政治概念,而是對民主抱有更多的期待。作為一個民主社會主義者,杜威提出了"道德性民主"的概念。在杜威著名的"民主作為一種生活方式"的觀點背后,隱藏著"民主作為一種人格品質(zhì)"的前提假設(shè),而且后者乃是他將民主與教育二者看作一個不可分割之整體的關(guān)鍵要素。回顧已經(jīng)過去的20世紀,陶行知等人曾結(jié)合中國當(dāng)時的實際,創(chuàng)造性地繼承并發(fā)展了這一平民主義的教育傳統(tǒng),極大地推動了現(xiàn)代中國社會和學(xué)校教育的民主化進程。展望21世紀,民主作為人格品質(zhì)的觀念,將有助于國人轉(zhuǎn)變封建專制時代聚焦"君主人格"的儒家傳統(tǒng)觀念,將其上升為國家(政府)的"法人人格",以便全體國民對為其服務(wù)的政府法人的公共政策、行政指令和工作方式等進行一種法律監(jiān)督和人格評價。更為重要的是,全體國民是否愿意和能夠進行這項監(jiān)督與評價本身,也現(xiàn)實性地說明了這些國民自身是否已經(jīng)具備這種民主的人格品質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:Democracy is the primary concept in Dewey's educational philosophy. Dewey, however, is not satisfied with the political concept of "procedural democracy", which was previously constructed by liberals, but has more expectations of democracy. As a democratic socialist, Dewey put forward the concept of moral democracy. Behind Dewey's famous view of "democracy as a way of life", the premise hypothesis of "democracy as a quality of personality" is hidden, and the latter is the key element for him to regard democracy and education as an indivisible whole. Looking back on the past 20th century, Tao Xingzhi and others creatively inherited and developed this populist educational tradition combined with the reality of China at that time, which greatly promoted the democratization of modern Chinese society and school education. Looking forward to the 21st century, democracy as a concept of personality quality will help people to change the feudal autocratic era focusing on the "monarch personality" of the Confucian tradition, Raise it to the "legal personality" of the state (government), so that all the citizens can carry out a kind of legal supervision and personality evaluation on the public policy, administrative instruction and working method of the government legal person who serves it. More importantly, whether or not all citizens are willing and able to carry out this monitoring and evaluation itself, also realistically shows whether these people already possess this democratic personality.
【作者單位】： 華東師范大學(xué)教育學(xué)系;
【基金】：教育部人文社會科學(xué)研究一般項目“轉(zhuǎn)型期我國公民教育的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究”[12YJC880112];教育部哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)2012年度重大課題攻關(guān)項目“社會主義核心價值體系融入國民教育的路徑、方法創(chuàng)新研究”[12JZD001]
【分類號】：G40-09

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7 金生，

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